چکیده:
It was not common to talk about Fardid and Fardidians in public circles till some people talked about their sense of violence and dangerousness of them and trying to take power in their hand in Islamic Republic. At this time Fardidians tried to clarify their identity and explain their relations with the Islamic Republic. "Kheradname Hamshahri" issue which published in Mehr 1386 was one of these attempts. Discussing again of the Fardidians issue and their relations to the Islamic Republic, this article tries to answer following questions:What is the stance of Fardidians toward western civilization and how they criticize it? What is the relation of Fardidians with the Islamic Revolution? What is the place of Fardidians’ discourse in Islamic Republic? What kind of obstacles can make of expanding Fardidians’ tradition in the way of developing of anti-western discourse of Islamic Republic? (Which is the result of Imam Khomeini& Shahid Motahari’s view?) To answer these questions, first we mentioned the ideas of Fardidians with emphasis on their views on "Islamic Republic" and "science and modern technology", and then we compare their views on the West with Imam Khomeini& Shahid Motahari’s thoughts. We conclude that seyyed Ahmad Fardid’s discourse is different with Imam’s. Although some times fardid’s discourse has contributed to the Islamic Revolution but because of dominance of the west criticism especially in Heideggerian narrative, this discourse can not applicable in today’s Islamic Republic. I believe that in current situation of the Islamic Republic and regarding to declining of religious intellectuality, we should refer to Imam Khomeini & Shahid Motahari’s view instead of discussing about fardid’s views on intellectual project of Islamic Republic. In my point of view, fardid’s tradition because of some reasons which are inherent in it can halt the intellectual project of Islamic republic.Dr. Ahmadinejad’s foreign policy approaches in foreign policy spheres like national government, the identity of the government of Islamic Republic, national goals & interests, Islamic revolution and international system are as follow:National government is defined in the context of Islamic- Shiite ideology & ontology and not only it does not have secular nature but also it has religious and Islamic essence. This discourse views the government from the perspective of amoral politics in which establishment of religious society is based on Trans temporal & Trans spatial principals of Islamic Sharia. Islamic Revolution and its ideals, principals and values are one of the preliminary fundamentals and one of the basic elements of definition of Iran’s national identity.Identity of the government of Islamic Republic is the resultant of Islam identity, Islamic Revolution, and Iran. These elements have priority and importance over Iranian nature in formation of Islamic Republic of Iran’s identity. During Ahmadinejad’s presidency period, Islamic Revolutionary nature & identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran define and give meaning to national goals & interests of it. These goals & interests are defined according to Islamic values, ideals and principals and Islamic Revolution. Vital, security, economic, world order and ideological interests are pursuing in foreign policy sphere too.Likewise, Islamic Revolution is not a local and limited Revolution but it has transnational and trans-border nature and identity. Islamic Revolution is based on Islamic-Shiite ideology which is a global & transnational religion and ontology. Internationally, the first stimulus of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the expansion of values relating to Islam sovereignty to establish an Islamic global society. According to this discourse, current international system is not compatible with Islamic one and it should change into Islamic global system. One of the main goals of the foreign policy of the 9th government is description & clarifying of just order and status, and also criticism of international organization in order to change & alter them to establish Islamic desirable just order & system.Having Influence on identity of states, International system determines some parts of state behaviors, attitudes and purposes of their foreign policy. On the other hand, foreign policies of the states enter as inputs in international system and affect it. Accordingly, foreign policies of the states before and after the bipolar structure of international system are different because achieving to purposes of foreign policy is based on the context of international system and also foreign policy strategy of every state is shaped by its place in the structure of international system. This article is trying to answer this question: How can we justify desirable and effective explanation of foreign policy in international system? To answer this question, we should consider two elements in foreign policy making and analysis of foreign policy of the state:-way of aiming and recognition of foreign policy purposes-strategies of foreign policy of the stateStudying the basis of aiming in foreign policy, we analyze different kind of foreign policy from various perspectives, and then ways of achieving to purposes of foreign policy in operational environment has been studied.Reviewing literature of social capital and development, we find that social relations are opportunities for mobilization of resources, which are supporting growth and development. Social capital with regard to political situation can play an effective role in development perspective of the society. This requires rigid evaluation of projects and assessment of impact of this or that policy on social capital and also role of social capital in political sphere especially political development. Although "trust" is a simple word but it has great meaning, which is neglected in modernization and development theories. Because of its great meaning, this word can effectively help to political system in political development process in the transition period of current crises. Trust in the input of the system has an active role and can effect on decision-making, patterns, planning, functions, and also in output of it, especially on the feedback of the system. Trust as an invisible factor effects on system and lack of it cause turmoil and even crisis in society. In mutual confidence building between people and government, not only the political system but also the NGOs and elites can play effective role.development such as: culture of work and production in Islam, compatibility of spirituality and objectivity, Islam invitation for prettiness, proscribing the poverty, prohibition of profusion, opposition to superstition, invitation to thinking, evidence of human reason, persuasion to empirical methods, considering order and planning, invitation to accomplishing works, belief in ideal society, flexibility of jurisprudence in different situations, invitation to science and industry, Muslim beliefs in power and honor, Muslim duty to reclamation of fields, invitation of Muslims to creative adaptation from others, defense of rights and liberties, justice, peace and coexistence and preserving the environment. These all are compatible with development and by reviving them we can create appropriate infrastructure for total development.Iran is a developing country in world economic categories. This transition has special important for our society because we want development and on the other hand we try to preserve our values and identity, accordingly this great evolution has high sensitivity specially if we consider that there is no Islamic state which can achieve to total socioeconomic development and growth. On the other hand some believe that religion is an obstacle for development and we can not be religious and developed together. The article is trying to answer to this main question: is the Islamic culture per se agrees with development or not? To answer this question we should answer two secondary questions:- What are the Cultural prerequisites of development? What are the main factors of it?- What is the Islam view on Cultural prerequisites of economic development?Answering these questions, we applied content analysis method on religious texts and development literature to find compatibility of Cultural prerequisites of economic development with religious culture. In this article, we conclude that the main Cultural prerequisites of economic development are belief in utility of the world, belief in scientific approach to the issues and the importance of the intellect role, belief in freedom of expression of ideas, belief in equality of mankind and respect to human rights, belief in acceptance of collective order, belief in development and lack of cultural clash in society. These are not in contradiction to Islamic culture. On the other hand there are another factors in Islam which support Several high councils in strategic management of the state have been established without certain plan in recent years. Probably establishing any of them at special time was appropriate and solved some problems of the country but the function of collection of these councils at the end of the third decade of Islamic Revolution necessitates the revision and changing in their engineering. Expensive costs of decision making at strategic level of any institution and the country require planning appropriate structure at this level. This planning should be based on principals that are compatible with culture and values of the institution or the country. Engineering of the decision making in high councils of the state and their structure and number and their interactions with each other are a subject of high attention in Engineering of high councils. If previously the main functional problem of several decision making high councils at strategic level was lack of clear principals and planning in their creation, this is exactly the problem now, which can emerge once again in new situation of merging councils. Cultural engineering of the state strategic management, which should be based on Islamic culture and values, is the prerequisite of efficiency of high rank manager of the sate.30 years experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s system and the gap between goals and realities of measures show that the ways, means and attitudes should be revisited. In this regard any kind of simplification and inattention can harden gradual achievement to the main goals of this system. Clearly, this failure is a great sin which can not be forgiven. Accordingly, in this article the author is trying to clarify main obstacles in Iran’s economic system in respect of attitudes, methods, structures and behaviors and finally some recommended solutions in context of requirements of economic decision making system have been mentioned. Some of these requirements are as follow: the necessity of realistic programming& procedural according to recognition and analysis of facts, paying attention to economic realities as a compulsory dimension in economic decision making, scientific explanation of justice & efficiency decision making standards and making them intelligible and commensurable by consensus scales, separation of decision making & decision building spheres and the prerequisite of the latter than the first one, accepting the requirements and costs of decision making, creating the necessary infrastructures to emphasize on matters like: social philosophy, social morality & social justice and political economy. Economic experts and critics of Iranian economy recognize Iranian government as the main factor of inflation, stagnancy and economic turmoil because of its great interference and economic activities in the past years. Accordingly, economic experts and the statesmen concluded that the economic bodies of the government has been grown in a way it impose a lot of cost to the government and cause that the government directly mange the economic sectors. Because of this notion, regulation of general policies of article 44 according to article 110 of the Iran’s Constitution has been discussed in the Expediency Council and after the endorsement by the Supreme Leader has been imparted to the executive institutions. So, it is necessary to perform correctly the general policies of the article 44 and to supervise the functions of related institutions to expand and support the private and cooperative sectors to small the government to achieve efficiency, competativity, socioeconomic justice and changing economic sector of the government into the efficient one.In two recent decades, and during four, 5 years programs the governments approach have been directed to liberate and privatize the economy but the objective results of Iranian economy show that the governments have failed to achieve these goals. This has been emphasized by Supreme Leader in the provision "C" of the general policies of article 44.In this communiqué has been mentioned to adaptation of new rules and changing present laws and also has been emphasized on supervision on functions of executive institutions on behalf of Expediency Council and other supervisor institutions. Discussing general policies of article 44 ad its executive policies and purposes, this article studies the present obstacles to performance of general policies of article 44 and at last it recommends some policies and supervision structure to tackle these problems and making efficient these policies.Iran’s 1404 perspective document is the main infrastructure of socioeconomic evolution and offers an ideal realizable image of Iran’s future which is the national desire and purpose. It can conduct all developments and changes toward a clear and specific future. As the result it can expand the ability of managers and policy makers to lead and control the challenges and opportunities. Policy making and leading a social movement and politico economic contest are the necessities of realization of a perspective. These can pave the way for evolving the socioeconomic revolution in the country.