چکیده:
One of the managerial methods of confronting floods, is its zoning. Zoning maps of floods present valuable information on the nature of floods and their effects on flood plain lands and the determination of river boundaries. There by the possibility of issuing appropriate warnings during flood hazards, and the saving facilities. Ligvan region is located in East Azarbaijan Province. For zoning the floods of this river, we have determined the amount of discharge for each cross section after the specification of discharges for different return periods. We also calculated the watersurface digits using the HES-RAS Model, followed by the drawins of flood zoning map in GIS enviroment and ArcView software. It is notable that we also determined sub-currents with the application of experimental relation and areal ration and proportions1-Academic Member Physical Geography Department, University of Tabriz. The output prepared map in this study can be easily adapted on land because of its geographic orientations and coordinates, as well as the information it covers relating to the flood depth. .The climatic changes are new discussiones that nowdays are debated. Human activities and first of all the burning of fossil fuels have increased the greenhouse gas content of the earth’s atmosphere significantly in recent years. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases, that traps heat near the planet’s surface.The greenhouse effect is not in dispute but it lies at the heart of the study of global climate change.There is no doubt that increases in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases strengthen the greenhouse effect and contribute to global warming. This study looks at what we know and do not know about climate change feedbacks and seeks to identify the feedback processes most in need of improved understanding. Kandovan is regarded as one of the unique samples of ancient architecture located on mountainous and slabby monuments of the world located 65 Km from Tabriz and on north west slopes of Sahand Mountainous complex. Large numbers of tourists every year are attracted to this village due to its suitable mountainous climate, watery streams, drinkable mineral water, fretile plains, quiet environment, and finally rural houses. Based on the records of Tourism Organization of East Azarbaijan there have been about 600000 visitors to this village in the year 2006. This article pays attention to geotourism potentials and capabilities of Kandovan through the study of geologic and geomorphic maps, field observations, and an overview of ignembiritic cone development.In this article, the canal of transfer has been analyzed and its advantages and disadvantages have been classified. The geo-economic status of Iran as the most important, the safest and the nearest and the most economic canal of energy in Caucasus and Central Asia is clearly determined. At the end, the geopolitical return of Central Asia after few decades and its consequences on Iran is investigated.Caspian Sea is locally and globally of great importance. Because of having great resources of energy (oil and gas), and due to its geostrategic position, it is one of the greatest and richest lakes of the world.This importance has been doubled specifically after the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 and the creation of political units as new actors in this area. This is because local and global powers have paid particular attention to it tanks to its great energy sources and geographic situation as well as its importance as a geo-economic area. The energy production (oil and gas) potentials of Caspian Sea states and the means to transfer it to world consumption markets while these countries have closed borders, and also the lack of a legal regime as to how to use its biological and energy sources of Caspian Sea and the difference in views among the territorial states has brought about a new geopolitical canal to transfer its oil and gas.1-Academic Member of Science and Researche Branch of Azad University, Tehran.2-Academic Member of Chalus and Noshahr Azad University.In order to determine consumptive use of water for plants, management of irrigation and other agricultural studies potential evapotranspiration is requird. However, commonly used prediction methods have not been corrected for regions. For determining the best model for culculation of potential evapotranspiration in Ahar station, evaporation pan potential evapotranspiration values were compared applying different methods.results showed that Turc, Thornth-waite, Christianseen-Hargreaves (RA) and Blaney-Criddle methods have best correlation with pan potential evapotranspiration values than other, applicable technigus.After represe nting the oretical background, we have briefly introduced each Index, followed by the application of them for the calcutation of wind chill effect. The tables and standardized equations, and the mixture of climatic elements of temperature and wind have been utilized for Ahar City in north west Iran. A comparison of final models indicates that the equivalent wind chill temperatures of first Index have more difference with the real temperature. Accordingly, we propose the Canadian Meterological Index for the studyins of similar climatic conditions of north west Iran.In this paper we have focused on one of the important climatic phenomena, namely, the wind chill effect. This feature is created through the combination of climatic elements such as temperature and wind under specific environmental conditions, by which the human welfare is disturbed. Under these conditions, the lower temperatures increases human stress and the possibility of body texture freezing. In fact, the level of temperature that causes freezing of boding limbs, is called Wind Chill index, and so far there has been several modelling standards and indexes in the literature. In this article, we have applied two famous indexes that have been alredy applied worldwide. These include Siple and Passel Indexs, and the second index is widely and practically used by Canadian and American meteorological organizations.1-Assistant Professor, University of Tabriz.2-Lecture, Payame-Noor University, Maku Center.Results of the study and zoning show that most of the roads in this area are subject to rockfalls.Roads are living constituents of the rural residents in mountainous areas, whose health is largely dependent on these lodes. Based on the magnitude of their risks, there is a need to study and classify these elements. Risks such as landslides, toppling, and the like sometimes make roads in rural parts of mountainous areas hazardous. Gharanghoo Chai basin as the largest living concentration in the area has attracted many people in rural structure. The connection between these villages is done through the roads that cross steep mountainous passages. We have tried in this paper to study the rockfall risk susceptibility of connecting roads in the area, and categorize the risk levels of geomorphic factors by means of the application of ArcView Software.1-Assistant Professor, Geographic Research Group, University of Tabriz.In this paper we have studied and analyzed the grading patterns of Sistan and Baluchestan Province through the use of 20 city indexes, and the application of current research methods in geographic studies like library search and statistical techniques (including Z-score analysis). The aim of the study was the determination of spatial variations in urban system of the study area for the purpose of presenting scientific information for planners and decision makers of regional issues, which is of great importance for reaching the social justice goals. Results of the study briefly verify a heavy political and administrative concentration in Zahedan, blocking urban amenities in this Province center. Deprivation is an ugly phenomenon of smaller cities especially those located farther from Center, with an exclusion of Zabol thanks to its long historical background (3200 B.C.), and suitable environmental position.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Dr. Fariba Karami 1 Geotourism Potentials and Capablities in the Development of Kandovan Village Abstract Keywords: 1-Assistant Professor, Research Group of Geography University of tabriz.
Keywords: Dr. Ezzatollah Ezzati 1 Mir Ali Shafiee Arabi 2 The Study of Geo-economic Status of Caspian Sea Area Abstract : Dr. Ebrahim Shafiey 1 Dr. Behrooz Sari Sarraf 2 Magsoud Jahani 3 Ahad Molavi 4 Evaluating Potential Evapotranspiration Models For Ahar Region Abstract 1- Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch.
Keywords: Dr. Ali Akbar Rasouli1 Mohammad Reza Azizzadeh2 The Evaluation of Wind Chill Calculation Indexes Abstract Keywords: Dr. Maryam Bayati Khatibi 1 Zoning of Dangerous and Mountainous Hillsides of the Roads Located on Gharanghoo Chai Basin (Eastern Slopes of Sahand Mountain Range) Abstract Keywords: Dr. Khodarahm Bezzi 1 The Determination of Spatial Variations of Urban Amenities through the Grading of City System in Sistan and Baluchestan Province Abstract 1-Assistant Professor, Geography Department, University of Zabol."
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