University and Religion in Iran:A Survey on the State Universities of Tehran مقاله

Discourse Volume 5, Spring 2004 - Number 4 (‎32 صفحه - از 107 تا 138 )

کلیدواژه ها: students Unlvenlty Scleaee Sclentl1m1Third World Countries

چکیده:

In a 1oclety like Iran with a rell1tou1 1tate and culture atwork In the po1t-Revol11tlonary era when the major concern 11 re• lncorporattn1 rill1lon Into social life, the functions or unlvenltles an mon complicated to reco1ntze. The author attempts In this article to e:iamlne the challen1e that whether science or nll1lon should be con1ldered the ultimate authority In the 1oclety. This article 11 a tbeoretlcal analysl1 ortbll challen1e which has also been empirically a1se11ed amona a sample or 1tudent1. This article open, wtth a review or the role and place or unlvenltl11 In the Wnt and the Third ,World countrl11 followed by a dl1cu11lon or unlvenltles In Iran both befon and after the lllamlc Revolution. The author nvlew1 the chan111 and variations of nll1to1lty In Juxtapo1ltlon wltb 1cltnce and the dlfl'ennt kind, of rellalo1lty that would emerse out orthll chaUenae. He describes the challen111 before unlvenltl11 n1pectln1 the authority of science throu1h countlna a number of the. characteristics of traditional rellaton. The article offeti' i conclu1lon baled on the empirical study and lb ftndln11, The auth~. deaion1trattt:tbe decrease In students' belief In traditional rellalon' and lb lndlcaton a, their sclentlsm lncreueJ,

خلاصه ماشینی:

One could conclude then that if traditional religion were to be considered a religion in which belief in divine revelation were the axiom and that the intellect would contribute to it, other forms of religiosity would emerge through the development of scientific cognition together with the extension of rationalism. Traditional Relieiosity and University Values With respect to the issues discussed in the context of the emergence of different forms ofreligiosity vis-a-vis science, this paper now presents a sample student who enters the university while adhering to a traditional religious approach and investigates into his/her challenges in the new environment. The questionnaires have been raised in the framework of six items on the means of cognition: divine revelation (tradition), personal experience, the intellect (mind), and subsequently science about their share in knowing God and religion and His decrees and the limitation of cognition to these resources or their overlap. In the traditional view ofreligion, beliefs and decrees are founded upon divine revelation, holy scriptilres, and tradition, whereas relativism accepts the distinction of domains and stresses religious and personal experience as the cradle of religion and acknowledges it through an intuitive relation between humans and God. Six items were given to the subjects on materialist, rationalist, empirical, and traditional beliefs. Table 2 - The Degree of Scientism among Students (View the image of this page) The conclusion that can be derived from the figures presented in Table 2 is that almost 30% of the population are those who agree with the sixth item which holds that science can be considered a yardstick for any kind of belief.

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