چکیده:
Mannea is the most important state, which was established before Median kingdom
and ruled on vast part of northwestern Iran for several centuries. Manneaen were
from Hurrian race and language and probably entered the region about 1500 B.C.
In their political life although they suffered many invasions from Assyria and
Urartu, they kept their political and cultural independence and expended their
power and realm in next period. In spite of this historical fact and available
archaeological data, up to the present time no notable study about Mannea has
been conducted and therefore basic aspects of Manneaen culture have remained
unknown. The present study undertakes to accomplish this.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Daian-Assur marched in the following year via Hubushkia, Musasir, the territory of Urartu and Gilzanu (western shore of Lake Urumiyeh) into Mannea and from there into the western Iran.
The interesting point is that there is no reference, in the records of the powerful Assyrian king, Tiglath-Pileser III, of the campaign against Mannea and taking tribute, while so many armies were sent to the west of Iran without aggressing against territory of Mannea.
Based on the archaeological data and historical records of the period, Urartu had authority over the west coast of Lake Urumiyeh and its southern plains of Oshnaviyeh, Soldouz and Miyandoab.
Mannea had authority over the East coast of Lake Urumiyeh and according to Sargon’s reports, the frontier of Urartu situated in this part in the Ushkaia region or modern Oskou.
According to the suggested frontiers, the realm of Mannea encompassed the regions of Zarrine river, Simine river, Mahabad river, the Lower Zabe valley, Qezel-uzan, the eastern area of Lake Urumiyeh, and the region that had been extended from Maragheh to Mianeh.
According to Assyrian records, Zikirtu and Andia, on the one hand, had close relations with each other, and, on the other hand, they got in touch with Mannea, Uishdish, Urartu and Medes tribes who were living in Qezel-uzan valley.
According to historical records, which reveal, in a certain measure, 250 years of Mannean political life, Mannea suffered many invasions from Assyria and Urartu."