خلاصه ماشینی:
" In this commercial and navigational activity the Arabs had as their colleagues the friendly and enterprising people of the maritime regions of the Indian Peninsula who, it will he remembered, were the pioneers of exploitation and colonisation of Further India.
2. Vide the frequent references to the ,'Bananiyah" (Banians) as passengers and the extra-territorial rights enjoyed by the Arabs in important ports and busi• ness centres of the Indian Ocean-Buzurg I 43, 6 I I.
a Lastly, it is to be noted on the solitary authority of Ibn Khurdadhbih that contiguous and closely related to the island of Kalah were the islands of Jaba, Shalahit and Harlaj; that on the left of it at a distance of two days' journey there was an island called Balus; and that at !
But even if the Malayan 'd' is pronounced very much like' l ' 2 the equation Kalah e Kadaramp, Keddah is quite incongruous in the case of the Arabs who, let it be carefully noted, mention two distinctly separate localities as "Kalah/Kalah;.
Supplementary to the data given above, it may be mentioned that al-Mas'udi describes the Sea of Kalah as shallow, tumultuous and perilous, abounding in 'islands,' 'sara'ir", and strange hills (lvfuruJ 1 /340.
" Sumatra designated as al-Ramini 1 is never said by any Arab authority to lie on the route to China.
. Ibn Khurdadhbih also stands alone in referring to a king called '(Jabah al-Hindi" who ruled enter Kalah from an isiand known after him as the Island of Jabah.