چکیده:
By the 1990s, East Asia had become one of three core economic regions (along with Europe and North America) that together dominated the world economy, accounting for 25 per cent of world GDP by 1995. East Asia had become the new workshop of the world, the location of fast emerging markets, and a new financial power in the making. Japan had first spearheaded East Asia’s economic rise up to the 1990s, and now China has become a major force behind the region’s economic momentum. Theses two countries are amongst the world’s four largest national economies, but East Asia is also host to the highest concentration of newly industrialized economies (e.g. South Korea, Taiwan Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia) found anywhere in the world. The trade and financial surpluses generated by East Asian countries are second to none. The region accounts for just over a quarter of world trade, production, new technology patents and gross domestic product. It is also the home of some of the world’s largest banks and multinational enterprises. East Asia has achieved one of the most profound economic transformations in recorded history. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was a relatively poor developing part of the world, with countries such as Korea having comparable income per capita and development levels on par with many sub-Saharan African states. The region accounted for only 4 per cent of world gross domestic product (GDP) in 1960. In this article, the relation of global market, regionalization and regional conflict is discussed. The role of economic community in emerging market and global market in the East Asia is the section of establishing trade investment liberalization. So, new liberalization is based an economic regionalization and global market. This model is forming is East Asia and APEC region
خلاصه ماشینی:
APEC: The Trans Regional Organization in the Asia-Pacific Region Abbas Mossalanejad*-Associate Professor of Political Scince, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Received: 11/01/2010 Accepted: 28/08/2010 Abstract By the 1990s, East Asia had become one of three core economic regions (along with Europe and North America) that together dominated the world economy, accounting for 25 per cent of world GDP by 1995.
Yet at the same time he notes there has been a general understanding amongst officials and analysts working in PAFTAD and PECC circles about what open regionalism implies, this being ‘a continuation of the process of unilateral liberalization that has characterized the economic policies of countries in the region for several decades, a market driven process rather than one directed by government officials to construct formal free trade areas (Ravenhill 2001: 141).
The organization was established in 1989 with 12 original members from East Asia (Japan, South Korea, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) and Pacific America (Canada and the United States).
The founding aim of APEC was to advance regional economic co-operation in the Asia-Pacific but this was significantly enhanced in 1994 when member-stats agreed to realize the so called Bogor Goals of establishing trade and investment liberalization across the Asia- Pacific by 2020.
In 1965, the government-sponsored Japan Economic Research Centre (JERC) proposed that a Pacific Free Trade Area (PAFTA) be created between the region’s five advanced economies (Japan, the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) with developing countries in the region conferred associative membership (JERC 1966).
East Asian countries have developed particularly close economic political, security and socio-cultural ties with other Asia-Pacific nations, especially the United States.