چکیده:
Constructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relation between earth and soil is of great importance. In addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays a crucial role in architecture history. Throughout the different area, earth is paid attention differently: as a source of cool (in China), a source of heat (Cappadocia, Turkey), and conversely as an offensive source in Amazon forests. In hot-arid climates, proximity to earth is useful to apply the heat in the buildings. Present study aims to investigate the mentioned factor in Dastkand village located at Kerman province. Mountainous moderate climate, cold and icy winters and moderate summers is of the considerable properties of the studied area. The maximum and minimum temperature was recorded, 42 and -18° C during summer and winter, respectively. Hence, in addition to cultural as well as economic factors, temperature fluctuation played a key role in breaking the buildings in to the ground. So, this study assists to investigate the studied area within natural bed, in plan and section. On this basis, technical methods of earth profiting throughout the studied area have been investigated, in order to profit earth in modern architecture. Results showed a harmony between dominant winds and buildings in winter and summer. Moreover, profiting from high sun shining with special architecture is of Meymand village characteristic. Using breaking in to the ground technique, 26.57 % decrease occurred in cooling need, annually. On the other hand, Day-Degree heating need has reduced to approximately 13.65 % annually solely by earth profiting technique. Overall, results demonstrate a harmony between applied technique and the studied region climate. Besides, there reported a proper isotropy between temperature fluctuation and air aridity throughout the region.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Relation between Weather and Cavernous Architecture Cooling Needed for Buildings Breaking in to the Ground As maximum heat during hot summer has been calculated 38 °C, cooling the interior area is of higher priority for Meymand village.
15 % decrease in cool energy consumption appeared using applied strategies (Table 4 and Fig. 6) Heating System in the Buildings Broken in to Ground Despite of very hot summers, winters pass so cold, so that minimum temperature was recorded – 3.
The mentioned climatic property entirely control the buildings constructed on the ground, whereas there reported no problem Light and wind in winter Light and wind in summer Fig. 5: Opening placement in summer and winter wind and radiation / Fig. 6: The savings in heating degree days required in Meymand village with placement techniques in the earth (2009-2010) Table 4: The amount of cooling required in Meymand (2009-2010) / Table 5: Average monthly maximum and minimum temperatures Meymand village 2009-2010 Table 6: The average monthly temperature fluctuations Meymand village 2009-2010 (Centigrade)(Source: Iran Meteorological Organization, 2012) April M a y June July August September Oc tob er November December January February March M o n t h l y Avera ge 1 2 1 8 1 5 2 5 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 9 2 3 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 8 .
Therefore, considering location of residence, as well as various parameters, including, climate, cool, heat, aridity, and temperature fluctuation, following results were gained: Building orientation during winter and summer was proper due to well location of habitants exposed to dominant winds.