خلاصة:
Wayfinding is individual ability to achieve spatial destination in the new and complex settings, as easy and fast asdoing this in familiar environments. Wayfinding play an important role, in public places such as shopping malls,airports, railway stations, schools, hospitals and etc, Although when direction losing is discussed in various places,frustration and fear feelings are expressed. Recognizing that in a set of different and complex functions, individuals’location and how they reach their distiantions, are inevitable which is necessary cities and large-scale buildings
planning process.With the application of structural elements which increases spatial legibility and imageability andprovide clear and perceptible spatial information, infact provide conditions which individuals spend the minimumtime and energy and stresslessly to reach the intended aim. The field of Wayfinding and Pathfinding process hasn’tbeen investigated in past cities of Iran, only in some sources referred to landmarks,they can contribute to recognizingdirection. this survey investigates this issue for the first time and this process along with pathfinding is considered
to emphasize on wayfinding concept as the spatial problem solving. From the seventies up to now, consideringthis feature capability and its improvement are fundamentally mentioned as the main research subjects in differentsections such as urbanism, architecture, environmental psychology and so on.The purpose of this research is to findthe elements and spatial properties to facilitate the wayfinding process in old cities in Iran and to find an answer tothis question, “Could the components of spatial legibility considered in today’s urban design discussions, be found
in the structures of Iran’s old cities?The current research and its fundamental and the related results can be practically analyzed. Therefore, they areperformed at three stages: The first one is associated to document or library studies that includes analyzing theconcepts of wayfinding and pathfinding, sorting the researcher’s findings in the field of urban design concerning
physical elements of the structures of Iran’s old cities. The second one is a case study that, includes reviewing thestructures of three old cities in Iran, namely Zavareh, Tabriz and Shiraz ; At the third stage, the analysis of thementioned findings and conclusion will be discussed. It is concluded that legibility, spatial continuity, spatial contrastand spatial sequences are basically considered the most important factors to facilitate the process of wayfinding andpathfinding in the old cities of Iran. According to the mentioned factors which are used in the design of cities and
regions and even in contemporary public buildings, there are some advantages for users include:
- Facilitating and quick access to spatial destinations.- Increasing the attraction of urban spaces and creating the variety in urban facades and configurations- Losing disappointment,hopelessness, anxiety sensation due to being lost and losing position and direction forpeople.
- Increasing the security spatial sensation and people’s presentation in public settings with different skills andcapabilities.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Studies done on the Wayfinding Number of researchers in each category 1 Wayfinding as a sense of direction, awareness of the position or direction Forster (1980), Meyer (1900), Holmes (1918) 2 Wayfinding as a concept related to the cognitive map and mental image Trowbridge (1914), Lord (1941),Griffin(1948), Tolman(1984) 3 Spatial legibility and physical units influencing the formation of mental images Lynch (1960), Appleyard (1970), Golledge (1976),Orleans (1973), Beck and Wood(1976),Canter(1975),Weisman(1981) 4 Conceptual and methodological grounds and process of cognitive mapping Downs and Stea (1973), Passini (1977), Moore (1979), Evans (1980) 5 Wayfinding as spatial problem solving process Downs and Stea (1973), Kaplan(1976), Passini(1984) 6 Provided the models for Wayfinding Kuipers (1987,2003), Passini (1981,1984),Chown, et al, (1995),O’neil (1991), Hillier, et al, (1984, 1987, 2004) The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism 77 Masoomeh Khameh, Iraj Etessam, Azadeh Shahcheraghi/ Bagh- e Nazar, 13 (41):75-90 B) Fieldwork studies consists of the study of the configuration and old context of Zavareh, Shiraz, and Tabriz and their anatomical structure from legibility, spatial continuity, contrast, and spatial sequence point of view (Diagram 1).
In case of Tabriz we address the anatomical structure of the central part of the city, which has placed the main core of the city within itself and has established a radial interconnected The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism 83 Masoomeh Khameh, Iraj Etessam, Azadeh Shahcheraghi/ Bagh- e Nazar, 13 (41):75-90 system in relation to intra and inter-city ways based on different political, security, and religious conditions."