خلاصة:
Objectives: The primary study objective was to assess the effects of visuomotor training on grip
strength and wrist movements in adults and the elderly to be efficiently used in rehabilitation. The
secondary objective was to compare the post-training changes between the two groups.
Methods: This was a pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study, including healthy individuals
aged 25-44 (adults) and 65-79 (elderly) years. Individuals suffering from neuromuscular or
musculoskeletal system disorders were excluded from the study. Grip strength (kg) and wrist
movements (˚) were recorded by the equipment (Pablo system). Moreover, the scores of the
Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHQ) were recorded after interviewing the individuals.
The study subjects were then provided with training (game-based) by Pablo system for 24 min/ d,
thrice a week. Finally, post-test scores were recorded after 4 weeks of training.
Results: Groups 1 and 2 had the Mean±SD age of 35.8±9 and 68.5±7.2 years, respectively.
The obtained data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer
multiple comparison test. The within-group analysis of group 1 demonstrated differences (pre-post)
of 1.09 kg, 4.39°, and 3.7° in grip strength, wrist extension, and flexion, respectively, after the
training. The differences between the different parameters of MHQ viz. function, work, pain, and
satisfaction were 2.7, 1, 1.1, and 0.3, respectively. No change was observed in the Activities of
Daily Living (ADLs) and satisfaction. The within-group analysis of group 2 indicated the mean
score differences of 0.3 kg and 6.53° in grip strength and wrist extension, respectively. Wrist flexionrevealed a decrease from pre-test to post-test phases. The difference in MHQ parameters; function,ADLs, work, pain, aesthetics, and satisfaction were 2.4, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 0.5, and 1.59, respectively. Thebetween-group analysis suggested better improvement of grip strength, wrist flexion, and functionin adults; while wrist extension, ADL, and work were better in the elderly. There was no significantdifference in this area.
Discussion: Previous studies have explored the visuomotor training, using game-based
rehabilitation, non-immersive virtual reality, or robotic therapy. They have suggested that it would
provide neuroplasticity and cortical reorganization, and enhance brain reward system. The low
scores obtained in some subjective parameters like satisfaction could be due to different perceptionsin individuals. Degenerative changes like osteoarthritis could be a possible reason for the highscore of pain in the elderly. Future studies are required with larger sample sizes, control groups,incorporating other factors, and so on. This study may be beneficial in overcoming the limitationsof conventional protocols such as labor, compliance, and adherence. It could also play an importantrole in rehabilitation, especially neurorehabilitation, by providing a new perspective.
ملخص الجهاز:
Research Paper: The Effects of Visuomotor Training Using Pablo System on Hand Grip Strength and Wrist Movements in Adults and Elderly Preeti Chaudhary1 /, Nusrat Hamdani1* /, Prateek Sharma2 / 1.
The Effects of Visuomotor Training Using Pablo System on Hand Grip Strength and Wrist Movements in Adults and Elderly.
3. 215 Article info: Received: 05 Dec 2018 Accepted: 17 Apr 2019 Available Online: 01 Sep 2019 Keywords: Visuomotor training, Grip strength, Pablo system, Michigan hand outcome questionnaire, Computer-based rehabilitation, Elderly ABSTRACT Objectives: The primary study objective was to assess the effects of visuomotor training on grip strength and wrist movements in adults and the elderly to be efficiently used in rehabilitation.
The between-group analysis suggested better improvement of grip strength, wrist flexion, and function in adults; while wrist extension, ADL, and work were better in the elderly.
Discussion: Previous studies have explored the visuomotor training, using game-based rehabilitation, non-immersive virtual reality, or robotic therapy.
● Visuomotor training, using game-based rehabilitation, non-immersive virtual reality, or robotic therapy improves neuroplasticity, cortical reorganization, and brain reward system.
In the present study, for the first time, we worked on the training of grip strength using game-based equipment, Pablo system [19-22].
After the training (Figure 6), grip strength and wrist extension were better in the adults; however, pre-test values and scores of wrist flexion, function, ADLs, work, pain, aesthetics, and satisfaction were better in the elderly.
Studies on the visuomotor train-ing using game-based rehabilitation, non-immersive virtual reality, or robotic therapy have reported that it would provide neuroplasticity, cortical reorganization [28, 31], and would enhance brain reward system [31, 32].