خلاصة:
In thl1 paper, the author takes advantqe or po1ltM1t 1eboolortbou1ht, wbkb came Into bel11 hi the middle oftlie 18th century, to ltlldy tbe evolution or polltlCIand political 1oclolo1Y, By ral1ln1 the question u to whether cunaes la parldllftl• In 10clolOI)'have been accompanied W.ltb parallel cblnpa In the 111e11meatof toelal phenomena la Ira~! the author 1tudlel racton that affect aenenl1oclolo1Y aad poUacal 1ocloloi>' u weU · u related 1ubject1 aadnmlftc1doil1 ud delvn blto lbeoretkal bul1 or contemporary aoclolol)' and ltl practical pandl1m In lraa. By 1tre11ln1 that1oclolo1Y 11 a modern l11ue reallltfn1 from modernity u well IIeconomic and political development, la the aoclety the author dtvldn 1oclolOI)'In Iran over tlie pa1t l 00 yean Into three perloda. The ftnt period II Introduced by 1uch prominent ~nonalltlea u Mina Aqakbaa Kermanl and 11tend1 from the Coa1tltudoaal Revolution up to the ntabllsbment or Tehran Unlvenlty, The1ecoad period II characterized by the evolution of aoclal reaearch anlif trarntn1, u a reault or~ltlvllttc 1chooloftboupt Introduced by ,uch thlnken u Au1111te Comte. That period colncldea with the rule or Pablavll. The third period encomput11 the pa1t 21 yean. Since the author belleveathat aoclolOI)'11 away from prejudp1ent1 and tunnel vlllona, be 1tudln tboae periods ln three 1ta1ea and elaborttn on facton which have played a role In every 1t11e,
ملخص الجهاز:
Most people who went to European countries through the government or their personal expense between 1921 and 1941 were employed at Tehran University and other centers upon returning to Iran and were determined to bring about major changes in the country's educational system by availing of modem science/" · The followingpersonalitiesare consideredas the first generationof sociologists and pioneers of sociology who rendered valuable services both in terms of education and social studies: Gholamhossein Sediqi, Yahya Mahdavi, Ehsan Naraqi, Shapour Rasekh, and Jamshid Behnam.
In addition to the all-out efforts made by those people in studying the Iranian society and government, there are valuable books and translations authored by both university professors and researchers outside academia; including Sadeq Hedayat, Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh, Gholamhossein Saedi, Jalal Al-e Ahmad, Mohammad Taqi Danesh Pazhouh, Morteza Ravandi, Abbas Zaryab Khoei, Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub, Mohammad Parvin Gonabadi, Hamid Enayat, Fereydoun Adamiyat, Abolfazl Ghazi, and Karim Keshavarz, which have played a remarkable role in increasing political and social awareness of the Iranian people.
Iranians have been in dispute with modem thoughts and practices for more than 150 years and have not yet come up with suitable theoretical and practical solutions to basic contradictions in their society,' 11> The approach governing research circles as well as the method used to describe social and political issues is still either positivist or based on discourse.