خلاصة:
The study attempts to enquire into reasons leading to changes in India’s geopolitical code, from nonaligned
approach to one of hegemonic and domination, not only at the regional level, but also at the
global level. With the world becoming multi-polar, the non-aligned code of the Nehruvian legacy
became redundant. India has emerged as one of the poles. Consistent threats and pressures from the
smaller and larger neighbours have necessarily compelled India to re-shape her geopolitical code to
one of ‘restraint’ hostility. And this, probably, made India an acknowledged power, from a regional
power to a ‘weltmacht
ملخص الجهاز:
Therefore, the failure of the non-aligned approach vis-à-vis Panch shila in terms of the Sino-Indian border relations in the 50s and early 60s of the last century was not surprising, rather, it was a century-old geopolitical reality that simply revived, when both, India and China became free of foreign control.
India’s acquiescence on China’s military activism in Tibet in the early 50s of the last century, and its subsequent occupation, and incorporation in Chinese politico-administrative system, and India’s agreeing to accept Tibet as a political region of China in the Sino-Indian Friendship Treaty, signed on April 29, 1954, simply manifested an inherent weakness in the non-aligned geopolitical code.
May be in terms of consistent pressure from mutually exclusive emerging political realities and patterns since the end of the Second World War that India preferred such geopolitical code which was more or less a geopolitical necessity during the formative phase of its federation, but it was definitely a failure at the regional level, because India and Pakistan, in spite of being born from the same Mother Nation, continued rivalry to the extent of outbreak of wars, and China, despite being subject to foreign rule and exploitation like India, adopted a belligerent attitude toward India to the level as to have invaded India.
India, however, continued to adopt an hostile attitude towards Pakistan, and in a changed world political scenario, following the cessation of the Cold War, the relevance of a non-aligned geopolitical code disappeared, and, at the same, time a more vigorous foreign policy, not based on the emotion of the Panch shila , became a geopolitical necessity for India.