Abstract:
آمریکا از جنگ جهانی دوم عملا گام در عرصة سلطهگرایی جهان گذاشت، اما در این دوران (جنگ سرد) سیاست خارجی خود را بر اروپا استوار ساخت موضوعی که کمتر مورد کنکاش قرار گرفته است، از این رو، چرایی رویکرد آن به خاورمیانة اسلامی پس از حادثة یازدهم سپتامبر2001 م. به مسئلهای تبدیل شد که مقالة حاضر در پی کاویدن آن بر اساس اسناد امنیت ملی آمریکا است! در نوشتار پیش رو با این پرسش روبرو هستیم: علل اصلی محوریت خاورمیانة اسلامی در سیاست خارجی آمریکا با تاکید بر شباهت و تفاوت راهبردهای بوش و اوباما چیست؟(سوال)به نظر میرسد که پاسخ آن را باید ناشی از تغییر ساختار نظام بینالملل و دگرگونی در راهبردهای کلان آن کشور دانست. (فرضیه) در این مقاله برآنیم تا با درک علل اصلی توجه سیاست خارجی آمریکا به منطقه، تصویری جدید از سیاست خارجی آمریکا در خاورمیانة اسلامی بر اساس شباهتها و تفاوتهای راهبردهای امنیت ملی بوش و اوباما عرضه کنیم. (هدف) نیل به این هدف به شیوة مقایسهای و تحلیلی میسر شده است. (روش) از دستاوردهای مقاله پیبردن به شباهت راهبردهای امنیت ملی بوش و اوباما در عناصری چون برتریجویی، تلاش برای تبدیلشدن به قدرتی هژمون و تلاش ناموفق در بهرهگیری از قدرت هوشمند، و کشف تفاوتهای آنها در تعیین تهدیدهای اعلامی و نیز در یکجانبهگرایی بوش و چند جانبهگرایی اوباما است. (یافته)
Since World War II، America has practically stepped into the path of the world’s authoritarianism، however، during this period (Cold War) America based its foreign policy on Europe which is not investigated in detail. Ergo، the reason for its approach towards the Islamic Middle East، after the event of September 11، 2001، turned into a matter that the present paper has attempted to explore it on the basis of evidence derived from America’s National Security!
Thus، in this article we are faced with the following question: what are the primary reasons for the Islamic Middle East focus in America’s foreign policy by emphasizing on the strategy similarities and differences of Bush and Obama?(Question) It seems that the answer to this question should be considered due to the change and transformation of the international system’s structure of this country’s major strategies.(Hypothesis) In this paper، through understanding the primary reasons for the focus of America’s foreign policy towards this region، we attempt to offer a new image of America’s foreign policies for the Islamic Middle East based on the similarities and differences between the national security strategies of Bush and Obama.(Objective) Reaching this objective has become possible through using the comparative and analytical method.(Methodology) Achievements made in this article are: discovering the similarity of national security strategies of Bush and Obama in elements such as supremacy، effort to become hegemonic power and failed attempt to utilize the intelligent power and discovering their differences in determining declared threats and also in Bush’s unilateralism and Obama’s multilateralism.(Findings)
Machine summary:
"(Finding) Key Words: Islam, Prophet's Conduct, Public Diplomacy, Politics, Monotheism CONTENT Principles and Functions of Public Diplomacy in the Prophet's (PBUH) Conduct / 11 Bahram Akhavan Kazemi Identifying the Patterns of Religious Democracy in the Ideas of the Second Pahlavi Thinkers / 35 Seyyed Ebrahim Sarparast Sadat / Mohammad Baghir Khorramshad Background, Possibility and Perspective of the Model of Establishing the Universal Pole of Islam / 61 Gholamreza Khajeh Sarvi / Masood Karimi Beyranvand Pathology of Indigenizing the Philosophical-Political System of Abu Nasr al-Farabi / 85 Hamid Nassaj Discourse Analysis of the Foreign Policy of Ayatollah Khamenei (The Discourse of Interactionism against the Dominating System) / 107 Nasser Assadi Conceptualizing the Trends of Contemporary New Religious Thinking in Three Fields of Necessity, Possibility and Theoretical Approach / 133 Mohammad Abdullahpour Chenari / Hamid Sajjadi / Morteza Baghian Zarchi Islamic Middle East; America's Foreign Policy Focus during the Last Two Decades / 155 Mashallah Heidarpour / Mohammadmehdi Azar Najafabadi Arabic Abstracts / 183 English Abstracts / 198 A Research Biquarterly Vol. 2/No. 5 / Spring & Summer 2014 License Holder: Imam Sadiq Research Institute Managing Director: Dr. Seyyed Jamal al-Din Mir Mohammadi Editor In Chief: Dr. Morteza Shiroudi Editorial Board: Dr. Ebrahim Barzegar, Professor of Political Science Department, Allameh Tabatabaei University Dr. Kheirollah Parvin, Associate Professor of Law Department, Tehran University Dr. Seyyed Jalal Dehqani Firoozabadi, Professor of Political Science Department, Allameh Tabatabaei University Dr. Morteza Shiroudi, Assistant Professor of Political Science Studies Research Center, Imam Sadiq Research Institute Dr. Is'haq Taheri, Associate Professor of Philosophy Department, Imam Sadiq Research Institute Dr. Najaf Lakzaei, Associate Professor of Baqir al-Olum University Dr. Seyyed Jamal al-Din Mir Mohammadi, Assistant Professor of Quranic Sciences, Imam Sadiq Research Institute Editor: Moslem Shoubkalaei Executive Director: Rouhollah Abbaszadeh Printing Supervisor: Sa‘dollah Shams al-Dini Fard Internal Manager: Mojtaba Fazeli Arabic Translation: As‘ad k‘abi English Translation: Hojjat Yousefali Proof Reading: Mohammad Farrokhnia Layout: Ali Nasirmohammadi Circulation: 1000 Address: Shahid Khoda Karam Boulevard, Shahid Zeynoddin Square, Qum, Iran PO Box: 37185-641 Tel: (025) 32135443 Fax: (025) 32135329 E."