Abstract:
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ : اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﺪی ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮده و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎز ﺑﺴـﯿـﺎری از آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎ و اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی ﻫﺎی اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﻟﺬا ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی از ﻋﻮد ﻣﺠﺪد اﻋﺘﯿﺎد از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺑﯿﻤﺎر ﻣـﺮاﺟـﻌـﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ درﻣﺎن و ﺳﻮءﻣﺼﺮف و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺨﺪر ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز در ﺳﺎل 1391-92 اﻧـﺠـﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ : در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ، 200 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ 8 ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺳـﻮء ﻣﺼـﺮف و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺨﺪر در ﯾﮏ دوره 6 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ و ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ- ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ ای اﻧـﺘـﺨـﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﯾﮏ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ در 3 ﺑﺨﺶ )اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ، روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی از ﻋﻮد ﻣﺠﺪد اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ( و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوری و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧـﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS19 ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ : ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ 9/40± 32/19 ﺳﺎل، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ ﺷـﺮوع ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد 7/37 ± 20/7 و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪت ﺑﯿﻤﺎری اﻋﺘﯿﺎد در اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه 8/30 ±10/84 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد . در ﺣﯿﻄﻪ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی اوﻟﯿﻪ از اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋـﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و در ﺣﯿﻄﻪ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی از ﻋﻮد ﻣﺠﺪد اﻋﺘﯿﺎد، روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﺧـﺎﻧـﻮادﮔـﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﺘﺎدان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺨﺪر ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی : ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻓﻮق، در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی از ﻋﻮد ﻣـﺠـﺪد اﻋﺘﯿﺎد، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮدی ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ، اﺟـﺘـﻤـﺎﻋـﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ در ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺪف ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﮔﺮدد.
Background: As a serious social problem in Iran that leads to many social damages and deviations, Addiction requires primary and secondary preventions. Therefore, present study has been conducted with the aim of assessing primary prevention approaches and relapse prevention from the view of patient admitted to treatment center in Ahvaz during 2012- 2013.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive research, 200 of addicts referred to 8 treatment centers were selected by ran-dom- cluster sampling in a six month period. Data were collected by structured interviews and a 3 part researcher designed questionnaire (included demographic data, primary prevention approaches and re-lapse prevention) and analyzed with SPSS19.
Results: The mean age of participants in the research was 32.19 ± 9.40 years, the mean age of onset for drug abuse was 20. 7 ± 7.37 years and the mean of addiction duration was 10.84 ± 8.30 years. In the field of primary prevention approaches, familial, educational, so-cial and economic approaches and in the field of relapse prevention, educational, familial and socioeconomic approaches were respective-ly as the most important approaches from patients’ perspective.
Conclusion: According to achieved results, in all programs of pri-mary and relapse prevention of addiction, in addition to considering individual approaches, familial, educational, social and economic approaches should be included with regard to their importance to achieve the most efficacy.
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