Abstract:
Although, once, in the far past, sending gifts and missionaries was called a type of public dip-lomacy, today it is manifested as academic disciplines, policy making institutions, and multi-purpose or-ganizations. The most important institutions of these kinds, now, exist in the US, whose purpose is to promote the politics of this country as Public Diplomacy and to follow local and international objectives. The present article is to answer the basic questions of what public diplomacy is and what institutions are responsible for decision making in the field of Public Diplomacy, in the present condition of Globaliza-tion.
Machine summary:
Public Diplomacy, Policy-making institutions, Radio and TV Networks, USA Introduction Public Diplomacy has different definitions, but it, actually, describes how a government tries to communicate, directly, with the citizens of a for- eign country to promote its foreign policies and to provide its national benefits.
The organization was integrated with the cultural and educational unit of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, under the name of reconstruction plan "number two" in Carter’s administration and con- tinued its activities under a new title called Amer- ica’s International Communication Agency (Pratkanis, 2001: 72).
Nay (2008, 195) accounted three dimensions for Public Diplomacy, as well: "Daily Communica- tion" which includes dissection of political deci- sions for people, "Strategic Communication" in which a group of simple purposes and "Expansion of long-term relationships" like granting scholar- ships, seminars, and scientific conferences.
Institutions Responsible for the Public Diplo- macy in the US In 1900’s Public Diplomacy was considered as an important part of policy making procedure in America, in a way that it was officially included in the American tertiary education.
This commission, which was established in the 1950’s, has the responsibility of warning and improving the weak points in the activities of the government, evaluating the policy making in the Public Diplomacy and the programs of the foreign policy, and supervising the foreign missions and those of other institutes of the country (Ibid, 270).
Public Diplomacy programs in the Ministry of Defense, International Development Agency of the US, and the Assembly of the Federal Radio and Television are all sub sections of White House and National Security Assembly, and its budget has increased.