Ethics in Biotechnology Journal Article

Writer: K.C.A، Jalal ؛ Jaswir، Irwandi ؛

اخلاق پزشکی Fall 2008 - No.5 ISC (‎36 page(s) - From 99 to 134 )

Keywords: ethics cloning biotechnology GM organisms genetic manipulation DNA GM GM

Abstract:

The most modern techniques in biotechnology owe their existence to the discovery of DNA cloning and the genetic manipulation of organisms. However Biotechnology is not new science In fact, many applications represent old practices with new methodologies. Human have been used organisms for their benefit in many processes for several thousand years. Therefore, one way of thinking about biotechnology is to consider two categories of activities: those that are traditional and familiar and those that are relatively new. Study of ethical and social concern in these categories makes this clear that there are many unanswered questions in this fields that requires caution regarding to public using of this technologies. Genetic manipulation (GM) especially cloning is a wonderful advancement in technology and knowledge. However, Professional and scientific societies should make clear that any attempt to create a child by somatic cell nuclear transfer and implantation into a woman's body would be at this time an irresponsible, unethical, and unprofessional act. The environmental safety aspects of GM crops vary considerably according to local conditions. Different GM organisms include different genes inserted in different ways. This means that individual GM foods and their safety should be assessed on a case-by-case basis and that it is not possible to make general statements on the safety of all GM foods

Machine summary:

However, Professional and scientific societies should make clear that any attempt to create a child by somatic cell nuclear transfer and - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, MALAYSIA, 2 - Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak 53100, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA implantation into a woman's body would be at this time an irresponsible, unethical, and unprofessional act. Keywords: biotechnology, cloning, GM organisms, genetic manipulation, ethics Introduction Biotechnology is most briefly defined as the art of utilizing living organisms and their products for the production of food, drink, medicine or for other benefits to the human race, or other animal species. The public response to issues such as the value of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), versus the risks involved in their release into the environment, more-or-less quenched the enthusiasm of the bioremediation industry for GMO research, in the early 1980’s. From its earliest stirrings, bioethics has paid considerable attention to ethical issues related to new scientific techniques such as Human Genome Project (HGP), cloning, and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). The development of gene-splicing techniques over the past 20 years has given scientists remarkable opportunities to understand the molecular basis how a cell functions, not only in disease, but in everyday activities as well using these techniques, scientists have mapped out the genetic molecules, or genes, that control many life processes in common microorganisms. To use a specific definition, the American Medical Association (AMA) defined cloning as "the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer.

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