Abstract:
This paper focuses on the contribution of digital government (DGOV) to Whistleblowing (WB). While considerable efforts have been devoted to DGOV and WB separately, research work at the intersection of these two domains is very scarce; hence and a systematic DGOV for WB (DGOV4WB) research framework has yet to emerge. This paper aims to identify the potential issues in whistleblowing and explore how digital government has been used to address these issues. To this end, this paper uses explanatory case study research methodology and analyses four case studies of existing DGOV initiatives with explicit WB dimensions. The result of the cross-case analysis shows that DGOV4WB initiatives contribute to address goals of the different dimensions of whistleblowing. The most common WB problems addressed are: easily accessible reporting and response whistleblowing channels (Whistleblowing Procedure), easy and timely communication channel with top management (Whistleblowing Organizational culture), and anonymous and confidential communication platforms (Whistleblower Protection). In addition, based on the analysis of the case studies, all the initiatives are classified as either engagement or contextualization stage of the digital government evolution model.
Machine summary:
Different international organizations (OECD, 2016; TI, 2013) and researchers (Figg, 2000; Apaza & Chang, 2011; Banisar, 2011) indicate the importance of whistleblowing –disclosure of information by an employee or contractor alleging wilful misconduct by an individual or individuals within an organization (Near & Miceli, 1985) –in the fighting against fraudulent activities within the organization (EY, 2016, Devine & Maassarani, 2011).
DGOV4WB involves the use of digital technologies to transform the public administration (and its relations with citizens and business) and to increase broad public sector modernizations (greater openness, transparency, engagement with and trust in government) while making possible citizens’/ employees’ participation in exposing alleged wilful misconduct by an individual or individuals within an organization and protection of the whistleblowers from any form of retaliation.
The following Digital Government elements were applied: 1) Digital by design – Publishing information on the portal, providing secured communication using digital tools GlobaLeak and tor technology, and use of Case Management Tool; Providing interface through website channel and telephonic support (Hotline) accessible 24 hours a week and it provides different platforms accessible through different channels; 2) Data- Driven – provide training for 100 stakeholders and it uses data as a key strategic asset; 3) User- Driven - addresses citizen demand on who wants reporting wrongdoing and providing enhanced service; 4) Government – providing legal and media assistant to whistleblowers.