Abstract:
Objective: This study investigates the different motives and substance use risk profile in opium and methamphetamine use. Method: The statistical sample includes Seventy-eight individuals with substance use history referred to drop-in center (DIC) that completed research instruments including demographic information (researcher-made questionnaire), substance use motives (Hecimovic, Barrett, Darredeau, and Stewart, 2014), and substance use risk profile scale (Woicik et al., 2009). Multivariate analysis of variance utilized for data analysis based on SPSS-24. Results: The results of the MANOVA indicated that availability, relaxation, enjoying, and sexual motives are significantly higher in individuals using methamphetamine. Also, the results of the substance use risk profile represent that there are significant differences in anxiety sensitivity, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity in opium and methamphetamine use. Conclusions: Findings indicate the important role of motives and substance use risk profile in the tendency to the different types of substances. These various motives and personality risk factors should be considered in educational settings and psychological treatment for different types of substance use, especially opiate or stimulating substances.
Machine summary:
, 2019; Rogers, McKinney, & Asberg, 2018) and different motives for substance use (Comeau, Stewart, & Loba, 2001; Schultz, Bassett, Messina, & Correia, 2019).
Researches indicated that any conformity seeking, enhancement (receiving positive reinforcement) or coping (coping with negative emotion) motives have different effects on the amount of substance use and probably problems associated with substance and alcohol use (Foster, Allan, Zvolensky, & Schmidt, 2015; Norberg, Olivier, Schmidt, & Zvolensky, 2014).
J Conrod, Pihl, Stewart, & Dongier, 2000) and those personality variables that defined as a substance use risk factor, indeed are associated with specific motives (Chowdhury, Kevorkian, Sheerin, Zvolensky, & Berenz, 2016; Stewart, Loughlin, & Rhyno, 2001).
Extraversion, sensation seeking, and novelty are additional personality characteristics that have been associated with elevated substance use and tendency to drink with the aim of experience the euphoric and intoxicating effects of alcohol (Conrod, Peterson, & Pihl, 1997; Poelen, Schijven, Otten, & Didden, 2017).
Based on this fact that individuals with substance use are completely a heterogeneous group (Alterman & Tater, 1986; Scourfield, Stevens, & Merikangas, 1996) and there are various substance use pathways, it seems that the assessment of substance risk factor profile and motives have an important application in prognosis and treatment, especially treatment planning appropriate to individual personality (Litt, Babor, Del Boca, Kodden, & Cooney, 1992).
A personality trait is associated with continued use, relapse, and unfavorable treatment outcome in various addictive disorders such as dependency to opiate (Helmus, Downey, Arfken, Henderson, & Schuster, 2001) and cocaine (Broos, Diergaarde, Schoffelmeer, Pattij, & De Vries, 2012).