Abstract:
گردشگری به عنوان ابزاری کارآمد با اثر بر بنیانهای اقتصاد روستایی میتواند نقش مهمی را در پایداری اجتماعی نواحی روستایی ایفا کند. این پژوهش به دنبال تبیین نقش گردشگری در پایداری اجتماعی نواحی روستایی شهرستان قائمشهر میباشد. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی بوده و روش تحقیق آن توصیفی - تحلیلی میباشد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق مطالعات اسنادی و پیمایشی بدست آمده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش روستاییان میباشند. (17216N=) که بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 375 نفر روستاییان به عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین شده است. متغییرهای تحقیق ماهیت کمی و کیفی داشته و در جمعآوری دادهها از مقیاس طیف لیکرت استفاده شده و سپس در تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزار SPSS و آزمون آماری tجهت اطمینان از نرمال بودن توزیع دادهها و سپس از روش آماری همبستگی و رگرسیون و آزمونهای آماری پارامتری نظیر آزمون همبستگی پیرسون بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج پژوهش در ناحیه مورد مطالعه نشاندهنده تاثیر گردشگری بر افزایش شکاف و اختلاف اجتماعی، افزایش جرم و فعالیتهای غیر قانونی، کاهش انسجام اجتماعی بین ساکنین، بهبود امکانات تفریحی و رفاهی، بهبود امکانات و خدمات گردشگری، افزایش کیفیت زندگی ساکنان روستا و گسترش فرهنگ بومی بر پایداری شاخصهای اجتماعی میباشد.
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
Introduction
Currently, most countries are seeking to move economically to a more lucrative and less costly economy, with a particular focus on the tourism industry, and each one tries to attract more tourists. (Mahallati, 2001: 302). In this context, rural tourism is one of the aspects of tourism that can boost domestic tourism. Paying attention to rural tourism, especially in the Third World countries, is considered necessary because in the conditions of industrial development and rapid growth of urbanization in these countries, for several decades, rural areas have been forgotten, underestimated or neglected. They are this has led to the deprivation of villages and the economic sluggishness in them and the increase in migration from the village to the city (Jomepour, 2006: 2). . The development of rural tourism will create jobs in the village, stay in the village, and improve their livelihoods (Saeedi 2011: 90). . Rural tourism can, on the one hand, provide new opportunities in many villages to provide rural life with rehabilitation and to survive in these settlements (Eftekhari & Mahdavi, 2006). : 8). . This research seeks to answer the main question that tourism has played a role in the social sustainability of rural areas of Qaemshahr?
Methodology This research is in terms of applied purpose and the nature of the method of doing this descriptive-analytic correlation type. The information needed for this study has been obtained from documentary sources and surveying studies. Out of 122 villages of Ghaemshahr city, 20 villages with rural tourism that have been identified through survey studies by researchers have been selected for research. According to the size of the population of the population (N = 17216), the Cochran method was used to determine the sample size. Based on this, 375 villagers were selected as samples. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data. In descriptive statistics section, frequency distribution tables, columnar graphs, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests, and t-test, two samples An independent has been used. So, after performing the k-s test and ensuring the normal distribution of the data, a regression parameter was used at 95% confidence
interval to prove the main hypothesis. In this research, SPSS software was used for data processing using Excel software and drawings of maps using ARC GIS software.
Results and discussion
From the villagers' point of view, and the obtained documents, the expansion of tourism in the rural areas studied has a significant relationship with changes in social indicators. According to tourism researchers, there are positive and negative effects and results, so that the results of t and regression correlation coefficient show that tourism in the studied area has positive and negative effects and negatives in the studied area. The standard effect factor (Beta) indicates the direction and especially the severity of the impact of each of the variables of tourism impact on increasing the gap and social difference, increasing crime and illegal activities, reducing social cohesion among residents, improving recreational facilities and amenities, improving facilities and tourism services. , Increasing the quality of life of the villagers and developing native culture on the sustainability of social indicators. Accordingly, the impact of tourism on increasing crime and illegal activities with the equivalent beta (0.158) is the strongest predictor of the rural tourism impact of rural tourism on rural residents. Also, in terms of residents of the village, tourism does not affect the quality of life of rural residents in the village, and with the lowest beta (-0.245), the weakest predictor of the impact of tourism expansion on social indicators.
Conclusion The results of the study in the studied area indicate the impact of tourism on increasing the gap and social difference, increasing crime and illegal activities, reducing social cohesion among residents, improving recreational facilities and amenities, improving tourism facilities and services, increasing the quality of life of rural residents and promoting native culture. On the sustainability of social indicators. 1. In the villages of Qaemshahr, tourism has been self-inflating and based on supply and demand, and it lacks a well-planned and accurate planning that is necessary first. The tourism potential of each region is identified and then the categories are made and then advertised and The introduction of these potentialities has enabled tourists to focus on their desires to identify their region. 2. Expansion of weekly markets for the sale of products and products of villagers and their introduction at least in rural districts, as currently being held only in the village of Kutna, the village center of Kohansar This market is being held with good luck, it is necessary to expand to other areas. . 3. In the field of tourism promotion, the preparation of different programs for the introduction of various tourist attractions, holding festivals, conferences, performing local music that has a good background and talent in the area and local food, as well as providing studies to officials to expedite Planning process.