Abstract:
مقاله حاضر به بررسی تأثیر رهبری اخلاقی بر گرایش به نوآوری با در نظر گرفتن نقش میانجی معنویت کارکنان میپردازد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، از حیث روش جمعآوری دادهها از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی و از نظر رویکرد کمی است. جامعه آماری شامل کارشناسان شرکت مرکز تحقیقات و نوآوری صنایع خودرو سایپا است که شامل 190 نفر هستند. با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده و فرمول کوکران، تعداد 127 نفر برای پژوهش انتخاب شدند. تجزیهوتحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و نرمافزار Smart PLS صورت پذیرفت. نتایج پژوهش از یکسو حاکی از تأثیر مثبت و معنادار رهبری اخلاقی بر گرایش به نوآوری، رهبری اخلاقی بر معنویت و معنویت بر گرایش به نوآوری و از سویی دیگر، تأثیر غیرمستقیم رهبری اخلاقی بر گرایش به نوآوری از طریق متغیر میانجی معنویت است. این نتایج بینشهایی در رابطه با منشأ گرایش به نوآوری در سازمانها ارائه میکند.
1- INTRODUCTION In nowadays competitive markets, the organizations’ innovation orientation is increasingly considered as a key factor for their long-term success. organizations of having more innovative capacity may react to environmental challenges more rapidly. innovation orientation is defined as the organization's ability to develop an innovative process in line with the business model to achieve its vision, objectives, and goals. previous research indicated that the organizational context plays a vital role in developing capabilities and tendencies toward innovation. researchers believe that spirituality and ethical leadership have an important role in shaping the innovation orientation. ethical leaders make the organizational climate ethical and pleasant by entering spirituality into the organization. the relationship between ethical leadership and spirituality considering the innovation orientation has been less studied in previous research. according to the importance of innovation orientation, the present study can be beneficial for organizational planning and providing solutions to improve innovation. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK According to the literature on innovation orientation, ethical leadership, and spirituality, the theoretical framework was established having four hypotheses as follows: Hypothesis 1: ethical leadership has a positive and significant impact on innovation orientation. Hypothesis 2: ethical leadership has a positive and significant impact on employees’ spirituality. Hypothesis 3: employees’ spirituality has a positive and significant impact on innovation orientation. Hypothesis 4: employees’ spirituality mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and innovation orientation. 3- METHODOLOGY This research was an applied study in terms of purpose and it was a descriptive-correlational study in terms of method. the data gathering instrument was a questionnaire and collected data was analyzed by structural equation modeling. the statistical population was comprised of 190 experts working in the R&D department of saipa automotive company, 120 of which were selected by conducting simple random sampling based on cochran's formula. the estimated PLS model was evaluated and confirmed in terms of reliability and convergent and divergent validity. the model’s reliability, specifically, was assessed by two indices of cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION Research results indicated that ethical leadership positively affects innovation orientation in the R&D department of the company under study. This finding suggests that, by creating a constructive organizational culture, ethical leaders can improve the organization’s dynamism and foster employees' awareness along with their positive thought. hypothesis two was accepted that is ethical leadership positively affects employees' spirituality. the direct effect of employees' spirituality on innovation orientation is also significant. in fact, employees’ identification with the organization, their attachment to counterparts, and alignment of their values with the organization’s mission and objectives may improve the managers’ attitude toward their innovative capability. moreover, results implicated the mediation of spirituality in the relationship between ethical leadership and innovation orientation. accordingly, through their fair behaviors, ethical leaders are capable of improving the organization’s innovation orientation as a result of employees’ creativity. in total, this research provides valuable thoughts for those managers looking for implementing the innovation orientation. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS Previous pieces of research suggest that, in the light of employees’ spiritual beliefs, ethical leadership equips the organization with innovative competencies and capabilities. the current research was to explain a mechanism through which ethical leadership affects the organization’s innovation orientation. ethical leadership, probably with the aid of variables such as fairness, role clarity, and authority delegation, is capable of increasing the employees’ spirituality and the organizations’ innovation orientation. the findings, indeed, implicated that employees' perception of ethical leadership may affect their attitudes and behaviors. therefore, managers should care about their ethical values and beliefs when implementing their managerial procedures. in this regard, it is suggested that managers improve organizational spirituality by means of creating a pleasant and cooperative workplace, increasing organizational cohesion, and encouraging employees to accept the organization’s goals and values. another suggestion is to create a work environment of supporting teamwork, creativity, and innovation through establishing an ethical climate and a constructive organizational culture. however, there may be limitations because of the quantitative approach of this research. in other words, the measures of ethical leadership and spirituality are in the early stages of formation and may not completely capture the qualitative nature of these constructs. future researchers are accordingly recommended conducting longitudinal studies to examine the effect of ethical leadership on independent variables more precisely.
Machine summary:
محققین نقش معنویت و رهبری اخلاقی را در شکل گیری گرایش به نوآوری سازمانی حائز اهمیت می دانند (٢٠٠٧ ,Eslami &Moghimi, Rahbar ;٢٠١٣ ,Xinxin &Yidong ).
دیهوگ و دن هارتوگ (٢٠٠٨) رهبری اخلاقی را بخشی از فرآیند دستیابی به موفقیت مستمر در سازمان ها معرفی می کنند (٢٠٠٨ ,Den Hartog &De Hoogh ) که از طریق رفتارهای منصفانه با کارکنان ، منجر به افزایش تعهد و رضایتمندی (٢٠١٤ ,Yang) و همچنین افزایش خلاقیت ، نوآوری و توسعه فعالیت های کارآفرینانه (٢٠١٠ ,Golparvar &Padash ;٢٠١٠ ,Yılmaz) می گردد.
اگرچه ارتباط میان رهبری اخلاقی و معنویت با شکل گیری و توسعه گرایش به نوآوری در سازمان ها بارها توسط پژوهشگران به شیوههای مختلف مورد اشاره قرار گرفته است ، مطالعه این روابط به روش علمی و در قالب یک پژوهش تاکنون انجام نشده است .
معنویت در سازمان به عنوان چارچوبی از ارزش های سازمانی است که در فرهنگ ظاهر شده و تجربه موفقیت افراد را از طریق کار بالا می برد و باعث می شود فرد احساس کند با دیگران به طریقی ارتباط دارد که درواقع حس کامل بودن و لذت بردن در او به وجود می آید (٢٠٠٩ ,Aldarabah &Abdullah, Alzaidiyeen ).
جدول (١): مروری بر تحقیقات پیشین {مراجعه شود به فایل جدول الحاقی} با توجه به ادبیات و مطالعات صورت گرفته شده در این زمینه ، چارچوب نظری پژوهش (شکل ٢) تدوین گردید که در زیر به آن اشاره شده است : با توجه به بحث های فوق، پیشنهاد می کنیم که درک از رهبری اخلاقی از طریق افزایش معنویت کارکنان ، گرایش به نوآوری در سازمان را افزایش می دهد.