Abstract:
Although holding elections alone cannot lead to democracy, elections are one of the main ways to ensure public participation. In societies where gender inequality and the patriarchal system prevail and there are social and cultural barriers to women's social presence and activity, elections are a good opportunity for women to express their legal and political ideals and aspirations and to support them through voting. Actively participate and, recognizing their necessities and needs, focus on the political direction and position that will lead to a change in the status quo and the improvement of women's status. This article analysis the women representation in parliamentary elections since 2005 in Afghanistan. The main goal of the article is to analysis the legal framework of parliamentary election to assess the impact of electoral system on women representation in the past parliamentary elections. The representation of women in past parliamentary elections shows that the rights which have been guarantee in the Afghan laws has increased the presence of the Afghan women in the parliaments and women participations in the election process, but due to the some legal, social, political, economic and security factors the women could not fully enjoy and exercise the rights to political participation. The women presence in parliament could not developed their role in parliament decision- making process. Thus, for development of women substantive representation step by step and fundamental reforms is needed. Although the 2016 election law has introduced several changes. There is not any special safeguards or measures to develop and ensure the full exercise of women political rights and representation in Parliament.
Machine summary:
ISSN 2382-9753 The women representation in Afghanistan Parliamentary Elections 2005- 2018 Mohammad Ayub Yusufzai * Professor in Law and political science faculty at Balkh University ABSTRACT Although holding elections alone cannot lead to democracy, elections are one of the main ways to ensure public participation.
However, due to their representation through constitutional process in wide participation in the elections, due to various factors and because of the parliamentary electoral system, women's votes in different ways, contrary to their needs and desires, have been neutralized by men.
The regulation on and the enjoyment or exercise of women human rights and the distribution of seats to women candidates for 2005 the state parties are obliging to embody the principle of the article 1 and Regulation on Allocation of Wolesi Jirga Seats equality in their national legal framework.
The 2013 Election law and legal equality) is discussed because it has direct law Article 23 in this regards designates that 'in each Kuchi relation with exercise and enjoyment of women electoral electoral zone, one seat shall be allocated for the male and rights and political representation.
According to this article, the women rights in past and current situation in Afghanistan divisions cannot be based on Article 83 because its content the reservation of seats for women in House of People implies that two women must be elected from each (Wolesi Jirga) was a positive step toward women province.
In the next section, changes in the electoral system and the impact of the MDR on women's political participation in future Wolesi Jirga elections will be (Larson, p.