Abstract:
اختلال بیشفعالی- نقصتوجه یکی از شناختهشدهترین اختلالات نورونی است که در کودکان تشخیص داده میشود. این اختلال سبب پدیدایی مشکلات بسیاری برای فرد و سیستم سلامت میشود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعهی نقصهای شناختی در کودکان دارای اختلال بیشفعالی- نقصتوجه انجام گرفت. علت بروز این اختلال با نظریه تکاملی، نظریه نقص در عملکرد شناختی، انگیزش و پاداش، سطوح برانگیختگی و خودتنظیمی توجیه شده است. پیامدهای عملکردی نقصهای شناختی اختلال بیشفعالی- نقصتوجه با کاهش عملکرد و پیشرفت تحصیلی، طرد اجتماعی و در بزرگسالان با حضور شغلی ضعیفتر، احتمال بیکاری و تعارض میان فردی بالاتر در ارتباط است. اهم نقصهای شناختی این اختلال عبارتند از: نقص در عملکرد اجرایی، نقصهای هوشی و اختلالات یادگیری. این نقصهای شناختی در صورت عدم درمان میتوانند مشکلات عدیدهای برای کودک ایجاد نمایند که در بزرگسالان نیز نقش پررنگی دارد؛ بنابراین جهت درمان هرچه کاراتر این کودکان در نظر گرفتن نقصها و توانمندیهای کودک میبایست مدنظر قرار گیرد.
Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is one of the most recognized neurological disorders that is diagnosed in
children. This disorder causes many problems for the individual and the health system. The purpose of this study
was to investigate cognitive impairment in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The cause of
this disorder is justified by evolutionary theory, cognitive deficit theory, motivation and reward, levels of arousal
and self-regulation. The functional consequences of the cognitive deficit of attention deficit/ hyperactivity
disorder are associated with reduced performance, social exclusion, and in adults with a weaker job presence,
probability of unemployment and higher interpersonal conflict. The most important cognitive deficits of this
disorder are: functional deficit, intellectual deficit, academic performance impairment and learning disabilities.
These cognitive impairments, if left untreated, can cause many problems for the child, which also plays a great
role in adults. Therefore, in order to treat these children more effectively, consideration should be given to the
deficits and abilities of the child.
Keywords: cognitive deficit, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, performance, intellectual impairmentAttention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is one of the most recognized neurological disorders that is diagnosed in
children. This disorder causes many problems for the individual and the health system. The purpose of this study
was to investigate cognitive impairment in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The cause of
this disorder is justified by evolutionary theory, cognitive deficit theory, motivation and reward, levels of arousal
and self-regulation. The functional consequences of the cognitive deficit of attention deficit/ hyperactivity
disorder are associated with reduced performance, social exclusion, and in adults with a weaker job presence,
probability of unemployment and higher interpersonal conflict. The most important cognitive deficits of this
disorder are: functional deficit, intellectual deficit, academic performance impairment and learning disabilities.
These cognitive impairments, if left untreated, can cause many problems for the child, which also plays a great
role in adults. Therefore, in order to treat these children more effectively, consideration should be given to the
deficits and abilities of the child.
Machine summary:
به عنوان مثال، علی رغم سطوح متفاوت از نشانههای اختلال بیشفعالی- نقصتوجه، کودکان دارای این اختلال ممکن است انواع مختلف مشکلات مرتبط با پاسخ به برانگیختگی و تنوع را نشان دهند (فر و همکاران، 2012).
اما توجه به این نکته ضروری مينماید که کودکان دارای اختلال بیشفعالی- نقصتوجه ممکن است در نقصهای مربوط به عملکرد اجرایی با یکدیگر متفاوت باشند و تعدادی نیز هیچگونه نقصی در عملکردهای اجرایی نشان ندهند (رابرتز و همکاران، 2013).
Hyperactivity in boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The association between deficient behavioral inhibition, attentional processes, and objectively measured activity.
Meta-analysis of intellectual and neuropsychological test performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Do attention deficits influence IQ assessment in children and adolescents with ADHD?.
Moderators of working memory deficits in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A metaanalytic review.
Standardized observational assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined and predominantly inattentive subtypes.
Objectively-measured impulsivity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Testing competing predictions from the working memory and behavioral inhibition models of ADHD.
Biomarkers and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An evolutionary perspective.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 3, 69–75.
), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.
), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.
), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive impairment in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
Keywords: cognitive deficit, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, performance, intellectual impairment.