Abstract:
صورت فلکی یا هم اختران، گردایه ای از ستارگان است که از دیدگاه زمینی به شکل ویژه ای مانند سازی و نامگذاری شده اند. این بخش از نجوم، از دیرباز برای نشانی دهی و فهم آسان تر ستاره‌شناسی، در ملل مختلف مرسوم بوده است. برای شناخت بهتر و سریع تر و دریافت صحیح اطلاعات در زمینه علم نجوم، تصویرسازی صورفلکی به عنوان شاخه ای از هنرهای تجسمی پدید آمده است. در این نوع از تصویرسازی هنرمند علاوه بر مهارت های تصویرسازی می‌بایست در علم نجوم نیز مطالعاتی داشته باشد.
در این پژوهش، ترجمه یکی از نسخه های فارسی کتاب " صورالکواکب " تالیف دانشمند بزرگ ایرانی، صوفی رازی مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد،که به دستورمنوچهرخان حاکم صاحب ذوق مشهد در دوره ی صفوی ( قرن 11 ه . ق ) و با تصویرسازی های ناب استاد "ملک حسین اصفهانی" استنساخ گردیده است. این نسخه دارای 373 صفحه و دست کم 99 نگاره نفیس می‌باشد که اکنون درکتابخانه عمومی نیویورک درمجموعه اسپنسر نگهداری می شود. به نظر می‌رسد باز تولید دست کم دو کتاب علمی الحشایش و صورالکواکب در دوره منوچهرخان حکایت از علاقه همزمان منوچهرخان به علم و هنر باشد. شیوه بررسی نسخه توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌باشد؛ که از طریق مطابقت تصویرسازی‌ها با متن علمی انجام گرفته است.
A constellation or constellation is a collection of stars that are specially shaped and named from a terrestrial perspective. This part of astronomy has long been practiced in various nations to mark and make astronomy easier to understand. For better and faster understanding and to prevent misinterpretation and further speech, constellation illustration has emerged as a branch of visual arts. In this type of illustration, in addition to illustration skills, the artist must have studies in astronomy. In fact, the artist communicates with illustration, between complex concepts and topics and astronomical details in a simple but attractive way. In general, the motifs and shapes that can be seen from the constellations in the surviving works of ancient Iran have deep roots in the religious thought of the people of that time, which are symbolically displayed . This issue appears in a different way in the Islamic era and the reflection of beliefs and knowledge takes on a different color . Scientific and illustrated manuscripts of the Islamic era were so important in Iran that they were among the first picture books in the early centuries. توجه According to the surviving examples from this period, it can be said that the books that had a higher quality and degree from a scientific point of view, used obsessive illustrators and more precision in their illustration . Following this, the "flourishing" of art and the political and social peace of the period and the schools of art in which the manuscripts were depicted were effective and influential. The manuscripts are so numerous that, after years of research by local and foreign artists and researchers, many of them remain intact, and only some of them have been very briefly analyzed and made available. . Constellation illustrations have appeared in some weak and strong in some versions; and have had most of the effects of previous versions. In these effects, it was possible to change the space or the elements or to change them, but the illustrator refused to do so and remained faithful to the original pattern. Is. Regarding the atmosphere and the importance of the background in the scientific images of this version, it is inferred that the illustrator has no reason to fill the background space and only shows the position of the stars, inserting the image and new discoveries of constellations. In this research, the Persian translation of the book "Sur al-Kawakab" written by the great Iranian scientist, Abdolrahman Sufi Razi, in the 11th century AH is examined. This copy has been reproduced by the order of "Abolfath Manouchehr Khan", the ruler of Mashhad in the Safavid period, with the pure artistry and illustrations of "King Hossein Isfahani". Spencer is maintained. It seems that the reproduction of at least two scientific books of Al-Hashaish and Sura Al-Kawakab in the period of Manouchehr Khan indicates the simultaneous interest of Manouchehr Khan in science and art. The method of reviewing the descriptive-analytical version is done by matching textual illustrations.
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