Abstract:
مفهوم «خاموشی و سکوت» در آثار و اشعار مولانا، از جمله مفاهیمی بوده است که ذهن و زبان پژوهشگران را سخت به خود معطوف داشته است. چنان که با تاملی درکارنامه ی مولوی پژوهی، کتاب‌ها و مقالاتی را می‌یابیم که از نظرگاه‌های مختلف عرفانی، کلامی، زبان شناختی، و.... کوشیدهاند تا به شرح و توضیح این مفهوم مبادرت ورزند. ما در این پژوهش، با دیدگاه انتقادی – تحلیلی، ضمن طبقه بندی و شرح رویکردهای گوناگونی که پژوهشگران با محوریت موضوع خاموشی و سکوت در آثار و اشعار مولانا داشته‌اند، این پرسش بنیادین را مطرح کردهایم که حلقه‌ی مفقوده این پژوهش‌ها کجاست؟ این حلقۀ مفقوده عدم توجه پژوهش‌ها به سکوت از منظر هرمنوتیکی و آشکارکنندگی آن است. سکوتی هرمنوتیکی که به‌وسیله‌ی آن کلام حق بر زبان عارف بازتاب می‌یابد. به تعبیر دیگر، ما در این پژوهش، تبدیل شدن عارف به زبان حق را به‌وسیله‌ی ساحت هرمنوتیکی سکوت میسر دانسته‌ایم؛ نه فقط از طریق سکوت صرف مولانا در مقام یک عارف.
The concept of "silence" in Rumi's works and poems has been one of the concepts that has attracted the attention of scholars. Books and articles which have tried to explain the concept of silence from different mystical, theological, linguistic, etc. points of view have been analysed. In this research, with a critical-analytical perspective, while classifying and describing the various approaches that researchers have focused on the subject of silence in the works of Rumi. We will discuss the missing link in these studies, that is, the lack of hermeneutic reading of silence in the works and poems of Rumi. The hermeneutic silence by which the word of truth is reflected in the language of the mystic, has been scrutinized.
Introduction
In the field of literary, mystical, philosophical studies, etc., Rumi's research has a large and fruitful and extensive record. It is very clear that the works of Rumi, both poetic and prose, are in the field of mystical literature. The capacities and capabilities of Rumi's works have made it possible to open the door to many reflections and research from different perspectives. One of the concepts and topics that have occupied the minds of researchers in recent years is the category of silence in the works and thought of Rumi. Research on the subject of silence have explained and analysed this concept in Rumi's sphere of thought with various approaches. Accurate classification of books and articles written on this subject is difficult due to the entanglement of concepts and approaches. In order to. We have tried to classify these studies thematically, including: the study of Rumi's silence in the moral-mystical field, study of Rumi's silence from a philosophical perspective, study of Rumi's silence from a psychological perspective, Study of Rumi's Silence from a linguistic perspective, investigation of Rumi's silence based on prosodic weights, comparative study of Rumi's silence. We will briefly outline and describe each of these studies, and then, we will point out the missing link.
Discussion
What is presented in the general conclusion, is that there are different approaches to silence. The focal point in the studies is that they refer to silence as the unspoken. In other words, it is the silence from which the words of truth emerge and the mystic becomes the language of truth and in this mystical experience, existence is seen as a language fifes and serenades. Rumi in his works, has referred to this type of silence and most scholars, despite its description and expansion, have not gone beyond the limits of Rumi's references and in this case, have not been the designer of a new perception of silence in Rumi's mind and language. Therefore, it could be said that the fundamental aspect of Rumi's silence and eloquence has been neglected in these studies. This original and fundamental feature is the hermeneutic reading and interpretation of silence in Rumi's works. That is the most important feature of silence. It should be noted that hermeneutics is a term coined by the authors of the present study under the influence of the philosophical ideas of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. To further explain this term, it can be said that the meaning of the word hermeneutics in this interpretation has served the word silence and its content. Because silence itself, due to its fundamental nature, has an opening and revealing aspect and creates an opportunity for openings and manifestations. A trait that can also be attributed to the term hermeneutics according to its function.
Conclusion
In many studies, including articles and books on the concept of silence in Rumi's works and poems, not even the slightest hint of the hermeneutic nature of Rumi's silence has been mentioned, and in most cases Rumi's words about silence have been repeated. While showing the hermeneutic analytical absence of the concept of silence in Rumi's works and poems, we explained the hermeneutic dimension and revelation of silence, including annihilation and its relation to the hermeneutics of silence, the hermeneutic relation of silence to language and the hermeneutics of silence and receiving original speech. And in this way, we highlighted the missing link in the named research.
Machine summary:
نويسندگان مقاله براي تبيين سکوت در دو اثر غزليات شمس و مثنوي معنوي مولانا، از رويکرد الهيات سلبي وام ميگيرند؛ بدين معنا که مولانا در مسلک عرفاني خود، براي نائل شدن به معرفت حق تعالي از امور سلبي مانند شناختن امري ناشناخته يا سخن گفتن از امري بيان ناپذير بهره ميجويد و تلاش ميکند سازکار اين موارد پارادوکسيکال را بر زبان جاري سازد.
بررسي سکوت در آثار مولانا در ساحت اخلاقي ـ عرفاني مقالات : در مقالۀ «سکوت اخلاقي و عرفاني در مثنوي»، نوشتۀ الياس عارف زاده ، سکوت و خاموشي ابتدا در پرتو مقولۀ اخلاق بررسي ميشود که بيشتر ناظر به آفات برخاسته از زبان است و سکوت سالکانه نام دارد؛ در اين معنا که در دنياي عرفان و نيز در مکتب عرفاني مولانا، براي سير مقدماتي سلوک بايد به سکوتي روي آورد که سبب رهايي از اقسام آفات زباني، مانند آسيب به ديگران و آلودن روح ، ميشود.
علاوه بر اين ، نويسنده به انواع ديگر سکوت از منظر مولانا نيز اشاره ميکند که در ذيل سکوت اخلاقي و دوري گزيدن از آفات زبان تعريف شده است ؛ براي نمونه سکوت در مقام تعليم ، سکوت بر اسرار و...
بررسي سکوت در آثار مولانا در پرتو اوزان عروضي مقاله : در مقالۀ «جست وجوي زباني ديگر در تقاطع خاموشي و گفتار»، از مظاهر مصفا، براي گشودن بحث درباب خاموشي و سکوت مولانا، به مسئلۀ اوزان عروضي در غزليات شمس پرداخته و به شالوده شکنيها و عصيانگريهاي مولانا در اين عرصه اشاره شده است .
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