Abstract:
«تعلیق و انتظار» کیفیتی ناظر بر پیچیدگی، بحران و گره‌خوردن حوادث داستان است که خواننده را به پرسش و پیگیری ادامة داستان وامی‌دارد. این صفت ازجمله تکنیک‌ها و عناصر حذف‌ناشدنی داستان‌های مدرن است. تعلیق کلیدی‌ترین عنصر داستان و رمان نو است که خواننده یا شنونده را در مقام انتظار نگه می‌دارد و کشش ادامة متن را به او القا می‌کند. رمان آناکارنینا اثر تولستوی، نویسندة نامدار روس، رمانی است واقع‌گرا و محصول دورانی که نوشته‌های تولستوی رنگ‌وبوی اخلاقی به خود گرفته و از تب‌وتاب، شور و تقابل حالات و شخصیت‌ها در رمان‌هایی چون جنگ و صلح و رستاخیز افتاده است. رمان، داستان بانویی اشرافی به نام آناست که در طی حوادثی گرفتار عشقی ممنوعه می‌شود و برخلاف این که تصور نمی‌کرده است زمانی از فرزندش جدا شود، همسر و فرزندش را ترک می‌کند و به دنبال عشقی تجربه‌ناکرده می‌رود و در ادامه، سرانجامِ بد خودکشی او را در چنبرة خود گیر می‌اندازد. کشش و انتظار در این رمان با ظرافت هرچه‌تمام همچون گردی بر تمام داستان پاشیده شده است. خواننده‌ای که مرحله به مرحله داستان را پیگیری می‌کند با تعلیق و انتظار از نوع فرمی و بیشتر مربوط به ساختار رمان روبه‌روست. در این نوع تعلیق‌ها، شخصیت‌ها همگی دارای نوعی کشش و ابهامند، چه در اصل و چه با تغییراتی که در طول زمان در آنها ایجاد می‌شود. حوادث، پیرنگ، فضا و مکان نیز تعلیق و کشش دارند. در اصل باید گفت تولستوی که استاد تقابل‌سازی در شخصیت و موقعیت است، با تعلیق در ذهنیت، فضا و کنش محتوای اثرش را جذاب‌تر ساخته است.
Suspension and prospect both are elements of fiction literature, obliging the audience to continue the process of reading the story. This technique is mostly used in modern stories. It is also the most outstanding matter for making attraction and delisting the text for the reader. This research is a survey of suspension in the novel Anna Karenina by Leon Tolstoy, a well-known Russian thinker and novelist in the 19th century. Anna Karenina belongs to the perfect period of Tolstoy, especially after the period of the novel War and Peace. It is a story about the life of a lady named "Anna" who falls in mortal love after her marriage and having a child. She left her family because of her love and made some events as a result. We try to explain Anna's social position from the point of ethical and familial behavior in the text of Tolstoy. This research is descriptive and analytical. The factors causing the suspension are classified into two linguistic and non-linguistic sections, and then they are analyzed. 1- The main elements of the suspension Good writing is a collection of images and the use of writing tricks. A successful writer has a strong imagination and uses such techniques correctly because, between the right and wrong use of these tricks, the border is narrow. There is a possibility that the text may be vulgarized at any time by using them inappropriately or in excess. Suspension elements can be divided into two groups: linguistic elements and non-linguistic elements (each of which is divided into sub-sections): A) Linguistic elements: short sentences and answers, repetition of a word or sentence, ambiguous use of language B) Non-linguistic elements: rapid return to the past or future, step by step intensifying the conflict of the story, conflict and confrontation, sudden change of character, fear of an accident or the future, unusual plot or acting contrary to expectations, expectation and fear, symbols and signs Anna Karenina: The story takes place in several aristocratic Russian families of the 19th century when princes held a high position in society and aristocratic customs were considered the most important factor of social principle. The main plot of the story is the adventure of Anna Arkadyonna's love. She is the wife of Alexei Karenin, a Russian aristocrat, and falls in love with Alexei Krylovich Vronsky, a young army officer and the son of a St. Petersburg aristocrat. 2- Suspension in the novel Anna Karenina 1-2. Asking a general ambiguous theory or question The author challenges the reader by asking a general question or a general theory, and raises many questions and draws him in. 2-2. Ambiguity and suspension in the character Anna, Vronsky, Loin, Katie, Loin's mother (absent character) 3-2. Suspension in the accident This kind of fictive suspension happens through accidents as is the case with the death of a worker at a train station where Anna and Vronsky meet for the first time. Bringing this topic at first seemed pointless to the reader, while it was a prelude to expressing the nature of Anna's death and the end of Anna and Vronsky's love where it began. 4-2. Suspension in the plot Sometimes the events and their causes are unexpected for the reader. In their opinion, it is unreasonable and irrational because, in the real world, such conditions are impossible or rare. 5-2. Suspension in space and mood By describing a stressful and ambiguous space, the author could also convey the atmosphre to the reader. This atmosphere often becomes heavier when a character wants to make a decision or do something and encourages the reader to continue. 6-2. Suspension in place Sometimes the reader realizes and follows this secret in the places of events from the content of the author's words. The main suspense frequency of the story (suspension in the form), like other masterpieces in the world, was related to the superstructure and movement of narratives, narrative action, and the characters' complexity. There is, of course, a kind of content and intellectual suspension throughout the story, which happens in a problem or question form. This model of fictive suspension is shown through characters who have Tolstoy ideas. The story's theme is love, about a woman who has children and belongs to a believing family. The story is complex because of the actions and behaviors performed by Anna, her husband, and her lover.
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