Abstract:
حسین بن سعید اهوازی از شخصیتهای شاخص سدۀ دوم هجری، صاحب روش نوینی در جامعنگاری است؛ بهگونهای که کتابها و شیوۀ ایشان در تدوین کتب، الگو و ملاک سنجش کتب مؤلفان قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش در تلاش است با روش اکتشافی، ضمن بررسی روایات حسین بن سعید در کتاب کافی که یک اثر جامع فاخر شیعی در سدۀ چهارم و از کتب اربعه شناخته میشود، میزان تأثیرپذیری شیخ کلینی از حسین بن سعید را در دو جهت ساختاری و محتواییِ تدوین کتب اثبات کند. پس از بیان اینکه کلینی حدود یکبیستوسوم کتابش را بهواسطۀ 17طریق معتبر از حسین نقل کرده که نشان از اهتمام جدّی وی به جایگاه علمی و شخصیت ایشان دارد، برای اثبات تأثیرپذیری ساختاری، تعداد و عناوین کتب دو محدّث را مقایسه کردیم. بااینکه در نگاه اولیه، در تعداد کتابهایشان اختلاف داشته و در عناوین کتب، اشتراکات کمتری دارند؛ اما با نگاه محققانه اثبات کردیم که هر دو در تعداد کتاب دارای 32 کتاب و در عناوین، صاحب 19عنوان مشترکاند. همچنین شیخ کلینی در گستردگی موضوعات روایاتش که ما در چهار موضوع فقهی، اعتقادی، اخلاقی و تفسیری دستهبندی کردیم، تابع شیوۀ تدوین حسین بن سعید بوده و با توجه به اینکه هدفش، نقل روایات صحیح است، در 56 باب، اولین روایت و در 26 مورد، عنوان باب را دقیقاً از همان روایات ایشان، انتخاب کرده که نشان میدهد وی در انتخاب محتوای کتابش هم، تحتتأثیر روش نوآورانۀ حسین بن سعید بوده است.
IntroductionHusayn Ibn Sa’id Ahwazi is one of the prominent personages of the second and third centuries, and he is the owner of a new method of writing in Hadith collections. While validating him, Imami scholars have considered him as one of the narrators of Imam Riza, Imam Javad and Imam Hadi (pbuh). As a writing style, his method has always been noted in Rijal sources, and narrators such as Ali ibn Mahziyar and Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman have been influenced by his method. The 30 books of Husayn Ibn Sa’id are so famous that advanced scholars even compare the previous works such as the works of Safwan ibn Yahya with his books and in some cases, such as the works of Muhammad ibn Urmah, consider the books of Husayn Ibn Sa’id to be the standard of authenticity.Materials and Methods Sheikh Kalayni also benefited from Husayn Ibn Sa’id's innovative method of compiling a book during the Ghaybat Sughra. Only two of the 30 writings of Husayn Ibn Sa’id are available today. But by rereading enough books, you can recover a significant part of the traditions of Husayn Ibn Sa’id's books. To understand the degree of influence of Husayn Ibn Sa’id Ahwazi on Sheikh Kalayni, his collection of hadiths in the Kafi book was extracted, as well as the chapters and books of Kafi with the titles of Husayn Ibn Sa’id's books and were subjected to a comparative study. After researching using the exploratory method and using library and citation sources, the following results were obtained: Sheikh Kalayni has narrated 675 traditions (about 1.23 of Kafi) from Husayn Ibn Sa’id in his book Kafi in 17 authentic ways. It tells about his insistence on narrating traditions from him and the high status of Husayn Ibn Sa’id and his books in the eyes of Sheikh Kalayni. Also, the multiplicity of narrating ways expresses the position and high number of Husayn Ibn Sa’id's copies in the fourth century. And it can be assumed that Sheikh Kalayni has received Ahwazi's works many times in different ways of carrying hadith such as listening, reciting, allowing, etc. - from his elders. In the number and names of books in Kafi, Sheikh Kalayni has also received a structural influence from Husayn Ibn Sa’id and tried to choose the number and names of books and chapters according to the books of Husayn Ibn Sa’id.Results and Findings In the initial dealing with the books of the two narrators - Ahwazi and Kalayni - we find that Kafi has 35 books and Husayn Ibn Sa’id has 30 books, and the common titles of their books are only 16 books. But when we examine it with a more detailed and investigative look, it becomes clear that both of them have 32 books and 19 titles in common.Sheikh Kalayni, in Kafi, has narrated from Husayn Ibn Sa’id in the form of 430 chapters. In this research, his traditions in Kafi were categorized into four topics: jurisprudential, belief, moral and interpretational, and it was revealed that Sheikh Kalayni, like the works of Husayn Ibn Sa’id, observed thematic diversity in the selection and narration of hadiths. Taking into account the fact that Kalayni's method is to present the correct traditions in Kafi, clearer traditions in each subject are also given at the beginning of each chapter. In 56 chapters of Kafi, he quoted the first tradition from Husayn Ibn Sa’id, and he has chosen the title of the 26th chapter exactly from the wording of the hadiths of the books of Husayn Ibn Sa’id.Conclusion According to the research conducted and the documents provided, we find that:Firstly, compared to her previous and later works, the 30 books of Husayn Ibn Sa’id had innovation, content validity and special fame in the earlier period.Secondly, Husayn Ibn Sa’id's books have been the standard for comparing and measuring hadith works.Thirdly, in terms of the number of parts of the book, Sheikh Kalayni has arranged it exactly equivalent to Husayn Ibn Sa’id's books, and most of the titles of Kalini's books - more than sixty per cent - are common with the titles of Ahwazi books.Lastly, in the content of the chapters, while reporting the traditions of Husayn Ibn Sa’id, Sheikh Kalayni has adhered to the concepts and traditional texts of Ahwazi, and in a significant number of chapters, he has prioritized the reports of Ahwazi over others. According to what has been said, the effects of Husayn Ibn Sa’id and his books on Sheikh Kalayni and Kafi book cannot be denied.
Machine summary:
این پژوهش در تلاش است با روش اکتشافی، ضمن بررسی روایات حسین بـن سـعید در کتـاب خصیت که یک اثر جامع فاخر شیعی در سدٔە چهارم و از کتب اربعه شناخته میشـود، میـزان تأثیرپـذیری شیخ کلینی از حسین بن سعید را در دو جهت ساختاری و محتوایی تدوین کتب اثبات کند.
همچنین شیخ کلینی در گستردگی موضوعات روایـاتش که ما در چهار موضوع فقهی، اعتقادی، اخلاقی و تفسیری دسته بندی کردیم ، تابع شیؤە تـدوین حسـین بن سعید بوده و با توجه به اینکه هدفش ، نقل روایات صحیح است ، در ٥٦ بـاب، اولـین روایـت و در ٢٦ مورد، عنوان باب را دقیقاً از همان روایات ایشان، انتخاب کرده که نشان میدهد وی در انتخـاب محتـوای کتابش هم ، تحت تأثیر روش نوآورانۀ حسین بن سعید بوده است .
٢. طرق کلینی به حسین بن سعید قبل از ورود به بحث ، ابتدا مجموع روایات نقل شده توسط شیخ کلینـی از حسـین بـن سعید را که ٦٧٥ ٢ روایت است ، به دست آورده شد و به دنبال آن، سـند تمـام روایـات مذکور را بررسی کرده، تکراریها را از غیرتکراریها جدا ساخته تا تعـداد هـر سـند و ً مشخص شد و عدد هـر طریـق ، جداگانـه بـه دسـت آمـد.
در این کتاب، در ١٨ باب، ٢٤ روایت از حسین بن سعید نقل کرده است .