Le Pouvoir Rhétorique de L’Écriture Poétique Chez Aimé Césaire et Francis Ponge Journal Article

Writer: MAULPOIX، Jean-Michel ؛ Mpamé، Rolland D ؛

Recherches en Langue et Litterature Françaises Printemps & Été 2023, Annee 17 - Number 31 Ranking الف (Ministry of Science/ISC (‎20 page(s) - From 81 to 100 )

Keywords: بلاغت بیان شعر زبان Poetry Discourse گفتار rhetoric language enunciation Enonciation Poé sie Rhé torique langage Discours

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Abstract:

This Article aims to examine the inherent power of writing in Aime Cesaire and Francis Ponge in the interweaving of poetic and rhetorical discourses articulated around the effectiveness of speech, that is to say the functioning of verbal language apprehended as action. This is based on the pragmatic dimension of speech as it leads to act on the listener/reader. Indeed, both orally and in writing, Ponge believes, speech provides those who use it with "the temporal and timeless power" capable of modifying the state of mind of those who expose themselves to its utterance. Cesaire, for his part, developed his poetics in the perspective of a "beautiful writing of rage", who’s effectiveness emanates from the drawing of characters on a support. The two authors therefore conceive poetic discourse as a word invested with the rhetorical powers of language capable of acting on the world by modifying reality. But there is a theoretical question when considering a pragmatic approach to the poem: the question of the uncertain value that can be assumed by a fictitious statement. For in his analysis of acts of language, John L. Austin disqualifies the literary text in the field from pragmatism, because, he asserts, literary fiction consists of an enunciation characterized by the deficit of the “usual reference to the reference” specific to ordinary language. Thus, the author of When to say is doing is unequivocal when he denies the literary text any notion of performativity: “A performative enunciation will be hollow or empty in a particular way if, for example, it is formulated by an actor on the stage, or introduced into a poem, or emitted into a soliloquy.” For him, when performative expression takes place in the context of a game, a joke or a poem, it is a speech that parasitizes language by its lack of “seriousness.” This exclusion of the literary text from the field of illocutory rhetoric is shared by John R. Searle, for whom any study of language acts based on a literary text is irrelevant. The reason for this is that literary discourse seems to consist only of "assertions that the author pretends to enunciate". This difficulty is far from the only one to overcome in this article. The fact is that the pragmatic analysis of Cesaire's and Ponge's texts raises another problem: the paradoxical status Austin accords to written acts in his analysis of language acts. Thus, although it considers them to be model acts, it nevertheless assimilates them to Jean-Michel MAULPOIX **/ Rolland D. MPAME *** Jean-Michel MAULPOIX— The Rhetorical Power of Poetic Writing in Aime … | 83 oral acts. In addition, the written acts it takes into account are always legal or regulatory acts: "official and legal documents", will, decree, contract, etc. How then to overcome these difficulties? In our opinion, Maingueneau's postulate that "every statement has an illocutory dimension" is important for a pragmatic approach to poetry. Therefore, from Steven Winspur's perspective, we believe that in literary fiction, the text creates within its own space the contextual enunciative conditions allowing the transposition of the performative value. We therefore propose to analyze the performativity of the act of writing (and writing) in Cesaire and Ponge in order to show their relevance as acts of language insofar as they are illocutory acts in the same way as those of ordinary conversation. Our pragmatic approach will remain restricted to locutory acts (the act of writing something), illocutory acts (which refer to the transformative power of the written word), and perlocutory acts (relating to their consequent effects on the interlocutors).

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