Abstract:
مقدمه: شهر یزد بهعنوان یکی از شهرهای قدیمی ایران، از دهههای گذشته، رشد شتابان شهرنشینی را تجربه کرده و این مسئله، با کاهش کیفیت محیطی محلات آن همراه شده است. بهگونهای که محلههای قدیمی و تاریخی شهر یزد به دلیل مشکلات متنوع کارکردی و کالبدی، به بافتی ناکارآمد تبدیل شدهاند که ساکنان خود را تهدید میکنند. با توجه به نبودِ رویکرد برنامهریزی در مقیاس محلات شهری، ضروری است، به مقیاس محله در شهرسازی توجه شود؛ از این رو، هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل اصلی و اثرگذار بر وضعیت آیندۀ توسعۀ محلهای است. روششناسی: این پژوهش، ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ماهیت آن، تحلیلی و اکتشافی است. قلمرو پژوهش محلۀ فهادان نو در شهر یزد و جامعۀ هدف، جمعیت ساکن این محله است. اطلاعات لازم بهصورت اسنادی و کتابخانهای گردآوری شده است. دادههای کیفی بهوسیلۀ پرسشنامۀ باز و از طریق مصاحبه و بررسی اسناد به کار گرفته و دادههای کمی بهصورت عددی و از طریق وزندهی پرسشنامههای دلفی تهیه شد. با بررسی شاخصهای بهدستآمده برای ارائۀ راهبردهای کلیدی بهمنظور توسعۀ آیندۀ محلۀ فهادان نو براساس اصول توسعۀ محله مبنا با استفاده از تحلیل ساختاری و رویکرد آیندهنگاری بهوسیلۀ نرمافزارMicMac[1] انجام شده است. بحث: در این پژوهش ماتریسی با ابعاد 16*16تنظیم شد. تعداد تکرارها سه بار در نظر گرفته و درجۀ پرشدگی ماتریس 75/93 درصد بیان شد که نشاندهندۀ تأثیر زیاد متغیرها بر یکدیگر و پراکندگی آنهاست. پراکندگی متغیرهای کلیدی و مؤثر بر وضعیت آیندۀ توسعۀ محلۀ فهادان نو در شهر یزد براساس اصول توسعۀ محله مبنا، نشاندهندۀ وضعیت پایداری سیستم است؛ همچنین 9 عامل بهعنوان عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر توسعۀ محلۀ فهادان نو در شهر یزد براساس اصول توسعۀ محله مبنا انتخاب شدهاند. نتیجهگیری: یافتههای پژوهش نشاندهندۀ آن است که ارزشها و اصول رویکرد توسعۀ محله مبنا برای برنامهریزی آیندۀ محلات فرسوده و تاریخی مانند فهادان نو مؤثر و عوامل منتخب از عوامل اثرگذار بر وضعیت آیندۀ توسعۀ محلهای مانند محلۀ فهادان نو است. [1] . میک مک
Abstract The rapid growth of urbanization and physical growth of cities in most of the developing countries has led to the formations of cities that have faced a variety of problems, including neighborhood underdevelopment. The common approaches in planning them have not been able to develop a sustainable neighborhood. This issue has had a direct relationship with sustainable developments of the whole cities though attention has been already paid to neighborhood-based planning with the aim of integrating different groups involved or interested in planning in a collaborative manner with a decentralized and bottom-up perspective in some countries of the world.In Iran, despite the historical past information of cities and urbanization, as well as the great history of urban development and importance of urban neighborhoods, especially in historical cities, "neighborhood scale" has had no place in its official urban planning system.The purposes of this research were firstly evaluating neighborhood-based planning in sustainable urban development through explanation of planning components and indicators of the neighborhood development approach and secondly identifying the effective key strategies in the future status of sustainable neighborhood development.Keywords: Neighborhood Development, Sustainable Development, Structural Analysis, Foresight, MicMac SoftwareIntroductionAs one of the old cities of Iran, Yazd City has witnessed rapid growth of urbanization since the 1940s, while this issue has been accompanied by a decline in the environmental qualities of its neighborhoods so that its old and historical neighborhoods have undergone functional and physical problems and inconsistency, all of which have threatened their residents. Due to the lack of a planning approach at the level of urban neighborhood, it is necessary to pay attention to the neighborhood scale in urban planning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the key factors affecting the future status of sustainable neighborhood development. Materials & MethodsThis research was based on an applied method and an analytical and exploratory approach in terms of nature. The research area was Fahadan-e No Neighborhood in Yazd City and the target community was the population living in this neighborhood. For collecting documentary and library information, qualitative data were used with an open questionnaire through interviews and document reviews, while the quantitative data were prepared numerically by weighting the Delphi questionnaires and examining the obtained indicators to find the key strategies for the future development of Fahadan-e No Neighborhood based on the principles of neighborhood-based development, structural analysis, and futuristic approach via MicMac software. Research findingsIn this study, a matrix with the dimension of 16×16 was set up. The number of replications was considered to be 3 times and the degree of saturation of the matrix was 93.75%, which indicated the great effects of the variables on each other and their dispersion. The distribution of the key variables affecting the future development status of Fahadan-e No Neighborhood in Yazd City based on the development principles of Mabna Neighborhood indicated the stability of the system. Also, 9 factors were selected as the key factors affecting the development of Fahadan-e No Neighborhood in Yazd City based on the principles of neighborhood development. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe research findings showed that the values and principles of the neighborhood development approach could provide the basis for planning for the future of dilapidated and historic neighborhoods, such as Fahadan-e No Neighborhood. The selected factors were found to affect the future status of neighborhood development, such as that of Fahadan-e No Neighborhood. Persian References:- Ahghar, M., & Malek Hosseini, A. (2018). An analysis of neighborhood-based planning indicators in sustainable urban development (Case study: Golpa neighborhood of Hamedan city). Journal of Environmental Studies, 12(47), 107-125.- Amin Naseri, A. (2006). Planning of places (basics, concepts, definitions and methods). Journal of Urbanization Essays, (19-20), 118-125.- Armanshahr Consulting Engineers (2017). Detailed plan of Yazd city. Yazd Municipality.- Ghasemi, V., Esmaeili, R., & Rabiei, K. (2006). Measurment and ranking of social capital in the townships of Isfahan province. Social Welfare Quarterly (Tehran, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), 6(23), 220-229.- Habibi, L., & Jafari Mehrabadi, M. (2010). Foresight and the future of metropolises with an emphasis on Tehran metropolis. Quarterly Journal of Zagros Landscape Geographic, 2(6), 97-110.- Hajipour, Kh. (2006). Neighborhood planning is the basis of an efficient approach in creating sustainable urban management. Journal of Fine Arts (University of Tehran), 26, 37-46.- Houdsony, H. (2005). Development of sustainable places, theoretical concepts and historical origins. MA Thesis on Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Arts. Internet base of the Future Studies Center.- Khakpour, B., Mafi, E., & Bavanpouri, A. (2009). The role of social capital in the sustainable development of neighborhoods (case study: Sajjadieh district, Mashhad). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 8(12), 55-81.- Madanipour, A. (2004). Is it possible to build the management and development of cities on the basis of neighborhoods?. Conference on the Development of Neighborhoods, the Perspective of Sustainable Development of the City of Tehran, Tehran Municipality, 19, 2-18.- Moein, M. (1983). Persian dictionary. Fifth Edition. Tehran: Amirkabir Publication.- Mohammadi, A., & Rafiee, F. (2016). The role of neighborhood-based planning for neighborhood sustainable development (Case study: Hosseinieh neighborhood in Zanjan City). Geographical Urban Planning Research (Tehran University), 4(3), 347-367.- Mousavi, S. A. (2006). Local development planning with emphasis on social capital. MA Thesis in Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Arts.- Naderi Buanlo, M. (2010). Feasibility of realizing neighborhood-centric approach in urban management (Case study: Mashhad city). BA Thesis on Urban and Regional Planning, University of Arts, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.- Rafi Pourgavgani, S. (2009). Examining and explaining the factors affecting the planning of the base neighborhood (case study: Firouz Salar neighborhood of Gowgan city). MA Thesis in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University.- Sharifiani Sani, M. (2002). Social capital: Main concepts and conceptual framework. Social Welfare Quarterly (Tehran University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences), 1(2), 5-18.- Zamani, B., & Shams, S. (2014). The necessity of the community-based approach in regeneration of urban historical fabrics. Journal of the Urban Development and Organization (Haft Shahr), 4(45-46), 72-93. English References:- Barton, H., Grant, M., & Guise, R. (2003). Shaping neighborhoods, London and New York, Spon press rapid urbanization: Unregulated assets and transitional neighborhoods. Habitat International, 34, 135-144.- Chermayeff, S., & Alexander, C. (1974). Community and privacy: Toward a new architecture of humanism. Translated by Manouchehr Mazini. Tehran: Tehran University Press.- Flanagan, W. C. (1993). Contemporary urban society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.- Irvin, J., & Martin B. R. (1984). Foresight in science. London: (n.p).- Kline, E. (1997). Sustainable community indicators. In: Roseland, M. (Ed). Eco-city Dimensions: Healthy. Communities, Healthy planet, New society Publishers.- Martin, B. R. (1995). Foresight in science and technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 2, 139-168.- Shea, C. P. (1994). Employment and sustainable development. Opportunities for Canada. Canada: International Institute for Sustainable Development Winnipeg.- Townsend, C. L. (2005). Building great neighborhood a citizens ’guide for neighborhood planning. Michigan: Michigan State University.- Zokin, S. (1997). The culture of cities. Blackwell.
Machine summary:
ميک مک ٣ زماني و ١٣٩٣ نتايج اين پژوهش حاکي از آن است که به موازات ابعاد در نظر گرفتن سرمايۀ اجتماعي و شمس کالبدي بايد به ابعاد اجتماعي بافت هاي تاريخي توجه و مشارکت به عنوان يک شاخص براي براي نهادينه کردن برنامه ريزي مشارکتي و دادن مسئوليت به ارتقاي توسعۀ پايدار محله اي، مردم محلي در نگاهي از پايين به بالا ظرفيت سازي کرد که مکان يابي نهادهاي مردمي و ngoها اين موارد به وسيلۀ توانمندسازي و تشويق خودياري محله ها در مراکز محله به دست ميآيد.
جدول (٦) عوامل کليدي اثرگذار بر وضعيت آيندة توسعۀ محلۀ فهادان نو براساس اصول شهرسازي ايراني اسلامي و رويکرد TND Table (6) Key Factors Affecting the Future Development Status of New Fahadan Neighborhood Based on the Principles of Iranian-Islamic Urban Planning and the TND Approach رديف متغير 1 پيش بيني عرصه هاي مختلط و چند عملکردي 2 ايجاد مرکزيت در محله و کوي ها براي افزايش روابط چهره به چهره و همسايگي 3 تقويت زمينه هاي دل بستگي و حس تعلق به مکان 4 احداث محور پياده و مرمت و مناسب سازي پياده روها 5 مکان يابي مراکز اشتغال و فعاليت در محله 6 توجه به الگوي معماري بومي محله و شهر يزد 7 تنوع کاربري ها و مساکن 8 پيش بيني فعاليت هاي اقتصادي و اشتغال زا در محله 9 افزايش سرانۀ فضاي سبز در محله و احداث پارک مآخذ: محاسبات نگارندگان نتيجه گيري : يافته هاي پژوهش نشان دهندة آن است که ارزش ها و اصول رويکرد تو سعۀ محله مبنا براي برنامه ريزي به منظور توســـعۀ آيندة محلات فرســـوده و تاريخي مانند فهادان نو، مؤثر و عوامل منتخب در پژوهش از عوامل اثرگذار بر وضعيت آيندة توسعۀ محله هاي فرسوده و تاريخي مانند فهادان نو است .