Abstract:
فرآیند بینالمللی شدن یک شرکت صادراتی توسط عوامل مرتبط با پویایی تصمیمگیری داخلی و همچنین عوامل محیطی خاص تعیین میشود. انتخاب منطق تصمیمگیری اثربخش بینالمللی ممکن است بر سرعت ورود به بازار خارجی تأثیر بگذارد. علاوه بر این، عدم اطمینان محیطی باعث میشود تا کارآفرینان منطق اثربخشی را اتخاذ کنند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر تصمیمگیری اثربخش بر سرعت بینالمللیسازی باتوجهبه نقش تعدیلکننده عدم اطمینان محیطی در شرکتهای صادراتی در شهرستان ارومیه) میباشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه شرکتهای صادراتی فعال در شهرستان ارومیه بوده که تعداد آنها در شهرستان ارومیه ۳۴۹ شرکت میباشد. طبق تعیین حجم نمونه از جدول مورگان تعداد ۱۸۵ شرکت به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد. این پژوهش از لحاظ روش پژوهش از نوع توصیفی - پیمایشی و در دسته مطالعات همبستگی بوده و از لحاظ گردآوری دادهها از نوع روش میدانی (پرسشنامه) میباشد. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزارهای SMART-PLS2 و SPSS نسخه 23 مورد تجزیهوتحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که تصمیمگیری اثربخش بر سرعت بینالمللیسازی اثر مثبت و معناداری داشته و همچنین عدم اطمینان محیطی بر رابطه بین تصمیمگیری اثربخش و سرعت بینالمللیسازی تأثیر تعدیلگری معنادار و مثبتی دارد. میتوان نتیجه گرفت که وقتی کارآفرینان با عدم اطمینان محیطی مواجه میشوند، تمایل بیشتری به اعمال فرآیند اثرگذاری دارند که منجر به افزایش سرعت بینالمللیسازی میشود. همچنین، عدم اطمینان در تعامل با منطق تصمیمگیری مؤثر، به بینالمللی شدن سریع شرکتهای صادراتی کمک میکند.
The internationalization process of Export companies is determined by the factors relevant to the entrepreneur’s internal decision-making dynamic as well as by external environment-specific factors. International entrepreneurs’ selection of effectuation decision-making logic may impact the speed at which he makes foreign market entry outside the domestic market. Moreover, the uncertainty in the environment causes entrepreneurs to adopt effectuation logic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of effectuation decision-making on internationalization speed with the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. The statistical population of this research was all active export companies in Urmia city, the number of which was 349 companies. According to the sample size from the Morgan table, 185 companies were selected by simple random sampling. The research is a descriptive survey in terms of research method and in the category of correlation research and in terms of data collection method is field method (questionnaire). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and SMART-PLS version 2 software. The results indicate that effectuation decision-making has a positive and significant effect on internationalization speed and also environmental uncertainty has a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship between effectuation decision-making and internationalization speed. It can be concluded that when entrepreneurs are faced with environmental uncertainty, they are more inclined to apply the influential process, which leads to an increase in the speed of internationalization. Also, uncertainty about interacting with effective decision logic also contributes to the rapid internationalization of export companies. Effectuation is a thriving concept in decision-making logic and recently it has been increasingly used to build frameworks for explaining internationalization. Our study findings have shown the positive role of effectual decision-making logic on the acceleration or the increased speed of international market entry (refers to the extent that adopting effectual decision-making logic tends to lessen the time required to enter the international market thus speeding up the internationalization). The introduction of internationalization speed into the effectuation literature is a valuable and insightful addition to the literature as very few studies have dealt with such perspectives. Previous studies mainly dealt with qualitative studies and case study methods as well as conceptual papers focusing on effectuation in the internationalization framework. The current research is one of the few quantitative studies to analyze the role of effectuation in describinginternationalization speed. also, Determining the time of first international market entry has a deep connection with the decision-making approaches of the entrepreneur. When a firm is deciding on a rapidmode of international market entry, it is making decisions on how to mobilize the required resources, manpower, production/service operation, selection of foreign market entry, identifying the market needs, etc. Being an entrepreneurial process, evidence of the impact of effectuation on internationalization can be found in the international entrepreneurship literature. Although key studies in international entrepreneurship are addressing effectuation in internationalization literature, quantitative and empirical research on this field seems underdeveloped. The entrepreneurial decision to enter foreign markets is termed a decision with high risk in an uncertain situation. entrepreneurial decision-making must focus on the concepts of risk and uncertainty. The decision of international market entry happens in such a situation where the environment is hard to predict. In such unpredictable environments, entrepreneurs select alternatives based on loss affordability and strategic alliances. So, it can be argued that effectuation logic isapplicable in the setting of internationalization decision-making