Machine summary:
Safi Introduction Although the rules and principles pertaining to relations between Islamic and non-Islamic states date back to the early Madinan period, the Islamic classical doctrine of war and peace was developed by Muslim jurists (fitqaha) during the Abbasi era.
Second, war of reconciliation against the People of the Book who have three possibilities to face: To accept Islam and, thus, be left alone, to pay the jizyah, in which case they are entitled to retain their religion and enjoy Muslim protection, or to fight the Muslim army.
In his book Al-Kharaj, AbtlYilsuf relates that al Hasan ibn Muhammad said: "The Prophet (SAAS) consumated a peace treaty with the Zoroastrians of al Hajar on the terms that they pay jizyah, but did not permit (Muslims) to take their women in marriage or to eat their slaughtered animals?'" He also stated that jizyah may be collected from all polytheists, such as Zoroastrians (Majus), Pagans, Fire and Stone Worshipers, Sabians (Sabiryin), but not from apostates or Pagan Arabs, for the latter group are to be coerced into Islam.
advocate only the war of reconciliation, in which the "People of the Book" and non-Arab polytheists can enter into peaceful treaties with Muslims, provided they pay an annual tribute of jizyah to the Islamic state.
Peaceful Coexistence: Abysinia and Islam The relationship between Abyssinia and the early Islamic state is an excellent case study for rebutting the classical conception of the two territories (dar al Islam and dar al harb) which calls for a permanent war against non-Muslim political communities until they accept Islam or pay jizyah.