Machine summary:
In spite of reinforcements brought from Delhi by his brothers, Mahmud lost the whole of the middle Doab to the Rajputs, moved from Firuzpur to Kalpi south of the Jamuna, christened it Muhammadabad (1390) and became virtually independent.
Two years later when Sultan Muhammad Shah led a punitive expendition against Sumer and Adharan, Mahmud joined the imperial forces from Kalpi and was confirmed in Shiq Firuzpur (now Kalpi) with the iqta' of Mahoba added to it.
After Timur's invasion he had assumed the insignia of royalty and Mahmud Shah, the last Tughluq sovereign, while proceed• ing from Kanauj to Delhi to occupy his ancestral throne ( 1405), had sent the canopy, 'durbash' and 'tas' for his Kalpi namesake with the title of Sultan and he is spoken of as such in the inscription of the Jami' Masjid of Erachh.
Echoes of the Kalpi hostilities had reached the-powerless Daulat Khan Lodi, master of Delhi, but Qadir Shah himself had strength enough to reassert his authority over the dis• tricts as soon as the back of the Sharqi Sultan was turned.
At the death of Qadir Shah, Kalpi seems to have owed allegiance to Malwa for we are informed by Muhammad Bihamad Khani that the principal nobles seated Jalal Khari, the second son of Qadir ( from the sister of Sultan Hoshang,) on "the masnad of Imarat" in preference to the eldest, Nasir Khan, who thereupon joined Ibrahim Sharqi and was honoured by him with the title of Khan-i-Jahan.