Abstract:
ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷﻲ، وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ و ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ راﺑﻄـﺔ ﻋﻀـﻮﻳﺖ در ﻧﻬﻀـﺖ داوﻃﻠﺒـﻲ وﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﺪن داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ورزﺷﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ آﻣـﺎری ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ،062 ﻧﻔﺮ از داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ورزﺷﻲ ﻓﻌﺎل در ﻫﻴﺄت ﻫﺎی ورزﺷﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ 47 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮی ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ ای ﺑـﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ آﻣﺎری اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﻬﺎر ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﻧﮕﻴﺰش داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﻟﻴـﺎت ﻛﻮﻟﻴـﻚ )7002(،ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ ) (TIPIﮔﻮﺳﻠﻴﻨﮓ، رﻧﺘﻔﺮو و ﺳﺎوان )3002(، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺔ ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ ﺳـﻄﺢاﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﺮدی ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪ. اﺳﺘﺎدان ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ورزﺷﻲ رواﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ را ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ و ﭘﺎﻳـﺎﻳﻲﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ آﻟﻔﺎی ﻛﺮوﻧﺒـﺎخ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ18/0 و 28/0و18/0 ﺑـﺮآورد ﺷـﺪ.ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دادهﻫﺎ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ از آزﻣـﻮن ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﻲاﺳـﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺢ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد، ﻓـﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﺣﻤﺎﻳـﺖ از ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده ﻋﻤـﺪهﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷـﻲ داوﻃﻠﺒـﺎن و ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﭘـﺎداش ــ ـ ـ ـ ــ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺑﻲاﻫﻤﻴﺖﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن دارای وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺑﺮوﻧﮕﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﻫﺎی زﻧﺎن در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﺮدان ﺑﻮد. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری داﺷﺖ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺪرت و ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛـﺪام از ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺣﺘﺮام ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮوﻧﮕﺮاﻳﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری داﺷﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﮔﻔـﺖاﮔﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺢ و ﻛﺎر داوﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ را ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ، اﻧﮕﻴﺰة ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣـﻲ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ و ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺰاﻳـﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪ ﺧﻮب ﺑﻮدن ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.
The aim of this study was to identify motivational and personality factors and to assess membership in volunteering and socialization factors in sport volunteers. This study was of a descriptive field nature. The population consisted of 260 sport volunteers in sport association of Fars province. 74 subjects were selected as the sample by cluster sampling. Questionnaire of motivation of volunteers by Liat Kulik (2007), Questionnaire of Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) by Gosling, Rentfrow and Swann (2003) and the researcher-made questionnaire of social effect and demographic questionnaire were used to collect data. Sport management and psychology professors confirmed the validity of the questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaires were determined as r=0.81, 0.82, 0.81) (=0.05) in a pilot study. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings showed that family support was the most important and appreciation was the least important factor in volunteers. Most volunteers were extraverts. Females gained higher mean scores in all three factors of social effect than men did. There was a significant relationship between religion and social effect. There was no significant relationship between empowerment and appreciation with all the other variables. There was a significant relationship between respect for rules and regulations with agreeableness and extraversion. It is suggested that if managers can combine recreation and voluntary work, motivation of volunteers will improve and good citizenship and economic benefits will increase.
Machine summary:
Ben-D 6 - KOWOC ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷﻲ، وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺮویﻫﺎی داوﻃﻠﺒﻲ در ورزش 761 ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت و ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ را در ﺣﻴﻄﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ورزش ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫـﻴﻢ.
ﺟﺪول 3 _ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷﻲ، وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎی داوﻃﻠﺒﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺮوﻧﮕﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری روان رﻧﺠﻮری وﺟﺪان اﺣﺘﺮام ﺑﻪ اﺻﻮل ﻋﺮف ﺑﺎز ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ 52/0 31/0 41/0 20/0 64/0* 64/0* 55/0* 15/0* ﻗﺪرت 30/0 91/0 72/0 61/0 71/0 72/0 41/0 51/0- ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از 61/0 23/0 23/0 30/0 52/0 66/0* 15/0* 43/0 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده درﻳﺎﻓﺖ 71/0 15/0* 52/0 20/0 63/0- 85/0* 12/0- 62/0 ﭘﺎداش ﻓﻘﺪان ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ 10/0 65/0* 92/0 82/0 31/0 43/0 71/0 12/0 اﺗﻼف وﻗﺖ 33/0 34/0* 42/0 54/0* 02/0 42/0 31/0 13/0 دﻻﻳﻞ 22/0 82/0 63/0 13/0 41/0 10/0 91/0 44/0* ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮی ﺳﺎلﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن، ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻏﺮب و ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا و اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ، ﻧﮕﺎه وﻳﮋهای ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﺟﺬب و ﺗـﺎﻣﻴﻦ، ﻧﮕﻬﺪاری و آﻣﻮزش داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﻴﺮی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از آﻧﺎن در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﺎ ورزﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﮔﺰاری روﻳﺪادﻫﺎی ﺑﺰرگ ورزﺷﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﭙﻴﻚﻫﺎ و ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻄـﻮف ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ.
E. O ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷﻲ، وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺮویﻫﺎی داوﻃﻠﺒﻲ در ورزش 571 ﺧﻮد در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ را در ﻫﻴﺄتﻫﺎ ﺳﭙﺮی ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﻲ و ﺗﻌﺠﺐ اﺳﺖ، زﻳﺮا اﻳﻦ آﻣﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎری از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ.
Tourism and ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷﻲ، وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺮویﻫﺎی داوﻃﻠﺒﻲ در ورزش 179 Hospitality Planning & Development, Volume 2, Issue 1 April 2005 , PP: 17 – 26.