Machine summary:
Qalqashandi tells us that Mu• hammad Tughlaq's army included Turks, Khira'is, Persians, Indians and people of various other nationalities, and that all of them had branded horses," When Ghiyas ad-Din attacked Delhi, his army contained men of different nationalities-Ghazz, Mughals, Rumts, Russians, Tajiks, Afghans, Khurasanls, etc.
' When a great expedition was sent out the review took fourteen days," Reviews were held even during the march in order to see whether all were present and a record of those present and absent was kept," ELEPHANTS AND HORSES played a most important part in medie• val warfare and were considered the mainstay of the army.
' The author of Taj al-Ma'athir describes how the war-elephants rushed at the enemy, attacking the soldiers with their trunks and crushing them under their feet," According to Masdlik al• Ab~dr, Muhammad Tughlaq had 3,009 elephants, each carrying six to ten men on its back," Pil-bans or elephant-drivers were always persons of unflinching loyalty, for if they could be won over the entire elephant• corps of the enemy was rendered useless.
C. Mir Khwand relates in Rawdat as-Saia how Alexander employed against the Hindus a large number of hollow images made of iron and other metals in the form of soldiers, filled with dry wood and naphtha, to be set fire to when the elephants of the enemy advanced towards his army.
and arrayed itself for the battle in the following order: Foot-soldiers, wearing armour and armed with broad shields and bows and arrows formed the first row and served as a wall of protection.