چکیده:
The Impacts of the Press Subsidies on their Circulations, in Iran Maysam MusaiAbstractThis paper intends to respond to the questions that: "What are the impacts of government subsidies to printed press, directly and indirectly, on their circulations or on the demand for them?" Furthermore, does the printed press need these subsidies?In order to answer the above questions, the amount of the subsidies paid to all the papers, and also, the combined revenues and expenditures for 9 daily papers with the widest circulations have been studied and the results show the subsidies being paid have neither economic justifications, by economic tools, nor are being paid in proportion to the average expenditures. Therefore, they wouldn’t have a significant effect on the demands for purchase the papers.his paper intends to respond to the questions that: "What are the impacts of government subsidies to printed press, directly and indirectly, on their circulations or on the demand for them?" Furthermore, does the printed press need these subsidies?In order to answer the above questions, the amount of the subsidies paid to all the papers, and also, the combined revenues and expenditures for 9 daily papers with the widest circulations have been studied and the results show the subsidies being paid have neither economic justifications, by economic tools, nor are being paid in proportion to the average expenditures. Therefore, they wouldn’t have a significant effect on the demands for purchase the papers.he main object in this is to evaluate the possibility of any changes might have happened due to the crises in Tehran Stock Market, concerning the relationship between stock return and the volatility. We have estimated the relationship between Tehran stock market returns and conditional volatility concerning pre and post crises data and for the whole period. Using parametric–GARCH-in mean model has shown positive and significant relationship from 1997 to 2007. But this relationship have been affected by crisis. There is negative (significant) relationship before crisis and positive (but not significant) after crisis.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"A survey seeking the viewpoints of the faculty members of different universities, regarding the widely circulated papers; a comparative study of the regulations on the contents of the press (Restrictions and Penalties); hardware facilities of printing houses related to the press; exploring the role of the printed press in national development; and similar types of issues are among studies done by Center for Media Studies, and Researches (karimi Abarghoui,1998), yet none of them have considered subsidies from an economic aspect.
The studies done in academic centers as dissertations, have mostly concentrated on people's viewpoints and their degree of satisfaction regarding the printed media and have also analyzed the papers' contents (for example: Taibay(1997); Tajik(1997), Chegini (1997),Hosseinpour (1997) ,Hosseini Aghabiglou (1997), Abdolvahabi(1997), Mahaki (1997), Mohammadali(1997), Masoudi(1997), Namakdoust Tehrani (1997), Shirvani (1997), Roshandel(1997); Shokouhi Tabrizi (1997); Ghadimi(1997); Mohammadi(1997); Moazemi Goudarzi(1997); Maleklou(1997); Mirasi(1997); Ahmadvand(1997), Motavali(1997); Sabti (1997); and Ibrahimzadeh(1997).
In this paper, the hypothesis to be examined is "the subsidies payable to the printed press have neither a significant effect on the circulations of the papers, nor they are paid in proportion to each one’s average expenditure 4- Research Method Due to the lack of necessary data and statistics, this study has applied a sampling method to collect the needed data.
Obviously, this reduction (as a ratio of the total circulations) is so insignificant that from an economic point of view it does not justify the endowment of 31 billion Tomans to the press The "subsidy per copy" paid to the press is not proportional to the average costs; and the present system of the subsidy payment is very inefficient."