چکیده:
Women and girls constitute the majority of the world’s poor. In the developing world, economic and social conditions of women had worsened (Falkingham& Baschiere 2004). Iran is an Asian country and about10 percent of the population nationally lives below the poverty line according to statistics but in rural areas thisratio leaps to over 15 percent (World Health Organization 2008).Studies from various parts of the country sug- gest that, there are widespread and systematic inequalities within households. In this paper the main questions were: what are policy-practice impasses of the reduction of gender inequality and poverty of women, particular- ly household -headed women? How much have policies been succeeded? The aim of this paper was to examine the situation of poverty in Iran and the social policies for declining of women poverty in this country. For ans- wering to these questions, research was based on analyses of documents, include: data of Statistical Center of Iran, yearly reports on developmental activities specifically oriented toward poverty reduction .According to the report of UNDP (2004) Iran’s rank in the reduction of gender inequality among 124 countries was 82 in 2004 while this rank was 118 among 124 country in 2007. The gender inequality in health and education is less than that of economy and the income. Women’s employment rate has been 15.4 percent in 2005 while this rate is 18.5 percent in 2008. The rate of unemployment women with academic education in comparison to men was 23.6 percent in 2005 and declined to 9.3 percent in 2008.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Iran is an Asian country and about10 percent of the population nationally lives below the poverty line according to statistics but in rural areas thisratio leaps to over 15 percent (World Health Organization 2008).
In this paper the main questions were: what are policy-practice impasses of the reduction of gender inequality and poverty of women, particular- ly household -headed women?
For ans- wering to these questions, research was based on analyses of documents, include: data of Statistical Center of Iran, yearly reports on developmental activities specifically oriented toward poverty reduction .
Tahereh Mirsardoo, Kristin Soraya Batmanghelichi the suffering of women in poverty and the discrimination against them is the increase of social pathologies, such as: suicide, addiction, prostitution, killing of spouse, violence against women and child abuse, etc (World Bank 2001).
In addressing women's poverty, many studies measure the incidence of income or consumption poverty among female-headed households (FHHs) and compare it to that of male-headed counterparts.
The unit of analy- sis is the household and the incidence of women's poverty is conflated with the poverty of FHHs. The evidence on the comparative poverty of FHHs vis-à-vis male-headed counterparts is not universal, (Moghadam cited in United Nation Development Programme 1997; Chant 1998; Gammage 1997).
Such an approach focuses the discussion on gender differences in deprivation in basic education (illite- racy) health services and life expectancy (short lives) and the socially constructed constraints on the choices of various groups such as women or lower castes.