چکیده:
On the verge of the Constitutionalist Revolution in Iran, the three social forces existing in the socio-political arena were competing with each other and at the same time, struggling with the Monarchy to increase their share of power: independent intellectuals, traditional followers of religion, and merchants. This rivalry set the scene for a discursive battle in which, each social force was trying to load nodal points such as the nation, king, and monarchy with contents that were compatible with other features of their discourse to push forward its hegemonic project. The period under study in this paper, more or less coincides with the outbreak of protests and strikes under the leadership of Sayed Mohammad Tabatabaei and Sayed Abdolah Behbahani against Nouze, the Belgian head of Iran Customs house in 1905which paved the way for emergence of Tobacco Movement. In this era, three social forces were actively involved in the socio-political scene of Iran: independent intellectuals, traditional followers of religion, and merchants
خلاصه ماشینی:
Struggles of Social Forces on the Verge of Constitutionalist Revolution in Iran1 Mehrdad Navabakhsh2 Professor of Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Behrang Seddighi College of Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch Received 21 January 2012 Revised 18 February 2012 Accepted 28 March 2012 On the verge of the Constitutionalist Revolution in Iran, the three social forces existing in the socio- political arena were competing with each other and at the same time, struggling with the Monarchy to increase their share of power: independent intellectuals, traditional followers of religion, and merchants.
Historical Background The gradual developments started from the era of Fathalishah Ghajar and appointment of Abbass Mirza as the Crown Prince in Iranian society, and the top-down changes in economic, political, and social structures of Iran in Mirza Taghi Khan and Sepahsalar era, were transferred to the society at the verge of Constitutionalist movement and created an atmosphere of rivalry among different active social forces, including intellectuals and traditional followers of religion.
Qualitative and quantitative progress in print industry in this period(Adamiyat, 2006 b: 392) Growth of educational institutions (Adamiyat, 2006 b: 455-457) Developments in administration system (Adamiyat, 2006 b:448-451) Expanding use of telegraph (Kerzon, 2001:731) Changes in public opinion (Adamiyat, 2006 b:411-416); Commitment of the State to laws (Adamiyat, 2006 b:170-227) Increasing access of more Iranians to travel to European countries and neighboring countries which had closer contacts with European countries (Tabatabaei, 2006:426) On the Verge of Constitutionalism This era , more or less coincides with the protests and strikes that were organized by Sayed Mohammad Tabatabaei and Sayed Abdollah Behbahani against Nooze, the Belgian head of Iran Customs in spring 1905 and paved the way for Tobacco movement.