خلاصه ماشینی:
"Furthermore, some studies indicate that organizations that apply nostalgia enhance the buying motivation in consumers (13), brand and sports team loyalty and dependence (7, 14), and perceived value of the service or product presented to the customer (15).
Determining the reliability and validity of such a questionnaire is significant considering the importance of developing standard instruments, the fact that sports nostalgia is a new area in sports management in Iran, and since, most probably, no research has been conducted in this regard.
To generate nostalgia marketing strategies that cultivate the loyalty of fans as the main customers of soccer clubs, the development of standard instruments for evaluating nostalgic feelings in fans can help sports marketers to implement valid studies.
The aims of this research were to determine the validity and reliability of nostalgia questionnaires and to measure nostalgic feelings in Iranian soccer fans.
To measure evoked nostalgia, nostalgic feelings were induced in participants using a movie based on the comments of soccer experts about the sports life of Ali Karimi as the nostalgic character in this research.
According to the findings of this research, the items constituting the evoked nostalgia questionnaires, degree of familiarity with nostalgic character, and nostalgia proneness enjoy the validity necessary for their variable development and can well measure the nostalgic feelings of fans.
Therefore, it is recommended that researchers, club managers, and sports marketers apply the standardized Iranian questionnaires of evoked nostalgia, degree of familiarity with a nostalgic character, and nostalgia proneness to better understand the behavior of sports consumers, especially soccer fans."