چکیده:
This study aims to have a sociological explanation of the different forms of participation among
Khalkhal citizens and the factors affecting it. In this study, the important issue is attention to dimensions of participation. The theoretical framework and model were presented by using the theory of Talcott Parsons, Lipset, Habermas, De Tocqueville, Lerner, and Rostow. This research was a survey and the structural validity and reliability were tested through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population consisted of over 18 year old citizens of Khalkhal who were 36,000 according to the Census Bureau. Through a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 380 people were selected as a sample. To analyze the data, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS and Amos graphics softwares were used. After preparing the matrix, onedimensional and two-dimensional information tables were set. This study aims to explain the different kinds of participation (social, cultural, psychological, economical and political) among the Khalkhal adult population. The results indicate that the independent variables of group bonds, social alienation, mass media and socioeconomic
status had significant relationship with participation as the dependent variable. Also, the results of
Structural Equation Model show that all model fitness indices were over 0.90. It means that, based on the
defined measures, the model has moved away from the dependent model and become closer to a saturated
model. Since that AGFI=0.904, TLI=0.911 and IFI =0.915 are close to one, it shows the fitness of the model and
RMSEA=0.078 shows the weak performance of the residuals in the model.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"In this study, the data collected from the California Health Interview in 2011-2012 were used to assess this issue that what extent the role models, social participation and support lead to physical activity promotion among high-risk groups, inactive and obese groups, particularly the low income and colorful youth.
In the study, Chris Young and Dhart (2016) a total of 4556 American students were immediately assessed after the 2012 elections to specify the predictors of psychological and behavioral factors related to social media in specific online political participation.
2. To test the second hypothesis, the political participation varies according to social alienation, Pearson correlation coefficient was used.
05, it can be said that the participation of citizens in terms of political participation varies according to their socio-economical status is different from each other; The findings show that significance level of the test (0.
The following model tests the validity of independent variables (social alienation, the use of the media, group bonds and socio-economic status) and the dependent variable (participation) and the structure’s Goodness of fit.
Point taken, the current study is an initial attempt to create and develop a general view of the assessment needs of language teachers in the Iranian context that can be used as a basis for the establishment of new educational materials through both closed- and constructed-response items and can provide a number of innovative design features that endorse teachers to express needs independently of the predigested response options."