چکیده:
Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback
treatments in adults with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methods: A total of 9 studies were selected, and meta-analysis was done on them. The data
were gathered from the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, SID based on
methodological conditions, topic and research design, and the effect size of each study was
calculated.
Results: The combined effect size of all the indicators was found to be significant according to
Cohen’s table, which means large or high effect size. The combined effect size for inattention
is ES=0.0575 (P=0.0013), for impulsivity is ES=0.605 (P=0.0037), for hyperactivity is
ES=0.545 (P=0.0384), for hyperactivity/impulsivity is ES=0.510 (P=0.001), and for total
ADHD is ES=0.630 (P=0.0038).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, neurofeedback treatment was found to
have a large effect in reducing ADHD symptoms in adults with attention deficit/ hyperactivity
disorder.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"<H1>Research Paper: Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Treatment on Adult ADHD: A Meta-Analysis CrossMark</H1> Mohammad Narimani1, Elnaz Ensafi1*, Nastaran Mohajeri Aval1 1.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, neurofeedback treatment was found to have a large effect in reducing ADHD symptoms in adults with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
Electroencephalography (EEG) studies comparing adult individuals with ADHD to healthy controls have suggested a variety of different brain activity patterns including increased theta/beta ra- tios (Bresnahan, Anderson, &amp; Barry, 1999; Bresnahan &amp; Barry, 2002), increased theta and alpha activity (Koehler et al.
Thus, in this meta-analysis, we have focused on the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment on the main symptoms of adult ADHD: hyper- activity, inattention and impulsivity.
Methods</H2> This meta-analysis included all theses, articles and re- search works available for the period of 1997-2015 on the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment in adult ADHD.
The results of this meta-analysis are consistent with previous studies (Arns, de Ridder, Strehl, Breteler, &amp; Coenen, 2009) on the ef- fectiveness of neurofeedback treatment in children with ADHD.
In the resting EEG, increased slow wave (theta) ac- tivity and/or reduced relative alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta activity were reported in several studies on ADHD chil- dren (Banaschewski &amp; Brandeis, 2007; Barry, Clarke, &amp; Johnstone, 2003).
By statistical explanation, the combined effect size of all the indicators (inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, hyper- activity/impulsivity, total ADHD) was found to be sig- nificant according to Cohen’s table, which is similar to the values predicted by retrospective studies.
Neurofeedback as a nonpharmacological treatment for adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial."