چکیده:
Objective: Depressed patients harbor maladaptive schemas that distort social reality and
impaired facial expression recognition. Thus, this study aims at identifying specific associations
among depressive symptoms, early maladaptive schemas, and patterns of for recognizing
facially expressed emotions.
Methods: 100 subjects diagnosed with depressive symptoms were selected from a larger
statistical population on the basis of purposive sampling. The Schema Questionnaire - Short
Form, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the facial affect recognition test were administered to
the subjects. The binomial regression model was used.
Results: Statistical analysis indicated that some early maladaptive schemas and depression
exerted significant effects on the recognition of fear and neutral emotions. Depression also led
to improved recognition of sadness and anger.
Conclusion: We concluded that maladaptive schemas and impairments in emotion recognition
are interrelated and both domains are likely to contribute to depressive symptoms. The results
are expected to improve our understanding of the social cognitive deficits in depressed patients
at the schema and emotion recognition levels.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Results: Statistical analysis indicated that some early maladaptive schemas and depression exerted significant effects on the recognition of fear and neutral emotions.
Studies suggested that the negative facial expressions exhibited by a social acquaintance can increase the accessibility of interper- sonally developed negative self-schemas (Baldwin & * Corresponding Author: Elham Moosavian, PhD Candidate Address: Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
A person’s misperception of interac- tions as a result of maladaptive interpersonal affective schemas may develop into etiological depression fac- tors, including social losses (Kendler, Hettema, Butera, Gardner, & Prescott, 2003); inaptitude to take advantage of social support (Brown, Andrews, Harris, Adler, & Bridge, 1986); a tendency toward subservience, as main- tained by the social rank theory of depression (Gilbert, 2005); perceived loss of autonomy; and loss of identity (Ehlers, Maercker, & Boos, 2000).
Furthermore, the findings of the authors may have been influenced by the fact that the recruited patients received antidepressant medication; antidepressants may help patients develop a positive bias or interpret negative facial expressions as reflec- tive of neutral emotions (Norbury, Mackay, Cowen, Goodwin, & Harmer, 2007).
Research has suggested that major depression is associated with selective attention bias in favor of negative emotional stimuli, such as sad- ness, loss, and failure, and negative cognitions, such as worthlessness, hopelessness, and self-criticism; such bias results in the perception of external stimuli, such as facial expressions, as more negative than normal (Schae- fer, Baumann, Rich, Luckenbaugh, & Zarate, 2010)."