چکیده:
من الموضوعات الرئيسة في فلسفة الدين موضوع )لغة الدين( وترتكز
مسائله حول محورين أساسيّين الأوّل المباحث الّي تتعلّق بالبِنية اللغويّة
للدين، وهل هي ذاتُ دلالةٍ معرفيّةٍ وتعرّ عن الواقع، أو هي لغةٌ رمزيّةٌ أسطوريّةٌ
خر كبيان العواطف والمشاعر؟ هناك فاقدةٌ للمضمون المعرفيّ، بل لها وظائف
مدارس ونظريّاتٌ فكريّةٌ تعتقد بأنّ لغة الدين لا تعرّ عن الواقع، ولا تحي
عنه، وفي المقابل هناك مدارس فكريّةٌ ترى أنّ لغة الدين لغةٌ واقعيّةٌ، ولها
دلالاتٌ معرفيّةٌ وهي تعرّ عن الواقع. الثاني هي المباحث الّي تتعلّق بتبين
القضايا العقديّة والكلاميّة وتحليلها، وهي القضايا الّي موضوعها )الله(
ومحمولها )الصفات الكماليّة(، وترتكز مسألها حول الصفات المشركة بن
الخالق والمخلوق، وكيفيّة بيانها بما يتاءم مع عظمة البارئ ووجوده. نحاول
في هٰذا البحث أن ندرس كلا المحورين والنظريّات المشهورة فيهما، ونقدها على
ضوء المنهج العقيّ - التحلييّ
Language of religion is among the primary topics of philosophy of religion. The
issues discussed in language of religion centralizes on two fundamental points: the first
is the issues that are related to the linguistic foundation of religion, and whether religious
language has an epistemic indication and represents a reality, or is it just symbolic and
mythological language that lacks any epistemic content and does not represent reality.
Rather, it has other duties, like explaining emotions and feelings? There are scientific
schools and theories that believe that religious language does not represent reality
and does reflect it, and this is from the “logical positivism school”, the “eschatological
verifiable theory”, the game of language theory, the principle of verification theory, the
symbolic language theory, and others.
Opposite to this are scientific schools that believe that the language of religion is a
real language that has epistemic indications and do represent reality, where most Islamic
scientific schools believe in this, and some Western schools, like the theory of “analogy”
the theory of “anthropomorphism,” the theory of “univocality,” and others.
The second point is the issues related to explaining and analysing the theological
propositions, and they are propositions where the subject is “God” and the predicate
is “Perfect Attributes”. This discussion is based on the attributes shared between the
Creator and the created, like knowledge, power, speech, will, etc., and how they are
explained in line with the magnitude of Almighty God and His simple existence.
In this paper we aim at studying both of these points through presenting the common
theories and critiquing them based on the rational-analytical approach.