چکیده:
هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه چارچوبی نظری برای شکلگیری عوامل مؤثر در شرکتهای چند کسب و کاره ناهمگون (کانلگومرت) و نقش هر یک از این عوامل در مراحل مختلف توسعه شرکتها است. طوع پژوهش از منظر هدف، کاربردی و از منظر روش کتابخانهای و روش پژوهش مرور نظام مند است که بر این مبنا تعداد 39 مقاله مربوط به استراتژیهای کانگلومرت در بین سالهای 1965 تا 2018 در پایگاهانی علمی انتشاریافته، استخراج و پس از فرایند فیلترینگ و با استفاده از روش کدگذاری دستی تحلیل شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از انتخاب مقالههای گزینشی 28 شاخص در قالب سه عوامل زمینهای، ساختاری و رفتاری تقسیمبندی شدند که 4 شاخص برای عوامل رفتاری، 15 شاخص برای عوامل ساختاری و 9 شاخص برای عوامل زمینهای شناسایی شدند. در بین شاخصهای زمینهای، اقتصاد کشورها، دولت و عوامل نهادی، در بین شاخصهای عوامل ساختاری، کاهش ریسک، همافزایی و موقعیت کسبوکارهای فعلی و در بین عوامل رفتاری، انگیزه مدیران و سهامداران دارای بیشترین فراوانی بودند همچنین در مرحله دوم نقش هر یک از عوامل در مراحل توسعه شرکتهای کانگلومرت موردبررسی قرار گرفت که در مرحله اولیه عوامل زمینهای، در مرحله رشد، عوامل ساختاری و در مرحله بلوغ عوامل رفتاری بیشترین تأثیرگذاری را داشتند.
Extended Abstract Abstract The purpose of the present study is to provide a theoretical framework for the formation influencing factors in heterogeneous multibusiness corporations and the role of each of these factors in different stages of corporate development. The methodology of the present study is a systematic review, which, according to Cooper, consists of seven stages, namely problem formulation, data gathering of studies, qualitative evaluation of studies, analysis and integration, interpretation of documentation, and presentation of results. Accordingly, 39 articles on unrelated diversification strategies and conglomerates were published between 1965 and 2018 on a scientific basis, extracted and analyzed after the filtering process using manual coding. based on the results of selective articles, 28 indices were divided into three contextual, structural and contentual factors. Four indices were identified for content factors, 15 for structural factors and 9 for contextual factors. Among the contextual indicators, the economies of states, government and institutional factors, among the structural factors indices of risk reduction, finaincial synergy, and central business position, and among the managerial and shareholder behavioral factors were the most frequent ones. In the second stage, the role of each of the factors in the development stages of conglomerate corporate was investigated, which in the early stage of contextual factors, and growth stage, structural factors and in the maturity stage, contentual factors had the most influence. Introduction Diversification strategy is one of the ways to enter into heterogeneous businesses. There has been much study and views about the formation of corporate with related businesses, but any comprehensive model for the formation of unrelated multi-business not been put up yet. THIS study attempts to bridge this gap. Given the complex and unstable environment in most developing countries,especially Iran, many companies are approaching toward this type of developement and most of them often fail. On the other hand, the role of these factors in different stages of the development of corporate is not same, so this study seeks to answer this question. case study The statistical population of the study: All articles on unrelated diversity strategies and conglomerates were published in the scientific database between 1965 and 2018. Theoretical framework Since most research on related and unrelated diversification is related to their performance, value, risk, etc., research has not comprehensively examined the cause of the formation of multifaceted and unrelated corporate. According to the theoretical literature, the reasons for the formation of multi-business corporations can be explained in two dimensions: The first is the economics of countries and base developing countries and the second is based on their purpose of diversification, which purpose is Growth. Methodology The methodology of the present study is a systematic review, which, according to Cooper, consists of seven stages, namely problem formulation, data gathering of studies, qualitative evaluation of studies, analysis and integration, interpretation of documentation, and presentation of results. Accordingly, 39 articles on unrelated diversification strategies and conglomerates were published between 1965 and 2018 on a scientific basis, extracted and analyzed after the filtering process using manual coding. Discussion and Results Based on the results of selected articles, 30 indices were divided into three contextual, structural and contentual factors. These indicators include. Intense competition in domestic markets, weak institutional environment, geographic location, legal constraints, support industries, government support, tax incentives, information asymmetry, external alliances, all of which were underlying factors. Owners' philosophy, managerial motivations, strong employee ethics and organizational culture related to behavioral factors and ultimately strong R&D, surplus funds, financial synergy, risk reduction, current business performance, managerial synergy, economies of scale, strategy Current businesses, timing of entry into unrelated businesses, industry-leading advantages, maturity of pivotal businesses, need for high-tech, territory economics, managerial stability, and high transaction costs. In the second stage, the role of each of the factors in the development stages of conglomerate corporate was investigated, which in the early stage of contextual factors, and growth stage, structural factors and in the maturity stage, behavioral factors had the most influence. Conclusion Based on the results of the research, one can find the main cause of the formation of multifaceted and unrelated companies in three behavioral, contextual and structural factors. Among these factors, the role of the underlying factors for the formation of multi-business and unrelated corporations is more important than the others, depending on the conditions of the institutional environment of the countries and the stage of development of their economies. On the other hand, when companies are formed, they later show the role of more structural factors, covered by indicators such as financial and managerial synergies, scale and territory efficiency, and finally, the maturity stage for managers and shareholders to enter the internal market. And related and unrelated externalities that are more important in the form of behavioral factors than others.
خلاصه ماشینی:
از طرف ديگر شکل گيري شرکت هايي با چند کسب وکارهاي همگون به مراتب توسط پژوهشگران زيادي موردبررسي قرارگرفته و با توجه به نظر ادروف ٤ (٢٠١٣) تنوع همگون به نظر قابليت عملي تر از کانگلومرت دارد؛ زيرا مي تواند از منابع و مهارت هاي موجود براي واحدهاي ديگر کسب وکار هم استفاده کند.
نوآوري پژوهش در ارائه الگويي جامع براي شکل گيري اين گونه شرکت ها بوده که تا به اکنون در هيچ پژوهشي موردبررسي قرار نگرفته است ؛ بنابراين مسئله اصلي پژوهش اين است که الگوي کامل براي شکل گيري شرکت هاي کانگلومرت چيست ؟ و ميزان اولويت بندي اين عوامل در مراحل مختلف توسعه چگونه است ؟ مباني نظري و پيشينه پژوهش رويکردهاي مختلف نسبت به شکل گيري تنوع ناهمگون (کانگلومرت ): بر اساس آخرين جمع بندي از نظريه هاي مطرح شده سه رويکرد اصلي را مي توان به طور عامل براي تنوع و به طور خاص براي تنوع ناهمگون مطرح کرد که در جدول ٢ آورده شده است : جدول ٢: رويکردهاي مختلف نسبت به شال گيري شرکت هاي چند کسب و کاره ناهمگون (به تصویر صفحه مراجعه شود.
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