چکیده:
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر هوش بر نیمرخ کارآفرینی با تأکید بر نظریه هوشهای چندگانه گاردنر در دانشجویان دانشکده هنر دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان اجرا گردیده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق کلیه دانشجویان دانشکده هنر دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان به تعداد 300 نفر بوده و نمونه آماری به تعداد 169 نفر با روش سیستماتیک و با استفاده از جدول مورگان انتخاب گردیدند. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی میباشد. از پرسشنامههای هوشهای چندگانه گاردنر و نیز ویژگیهای شخصیتی کارآفرینی جهت گردآوری دادهها استفاده گردید. جهت تعیین پایایی پرسشنامههای تحقیق از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که با بدست آمدن ضرایب 956/0 و 958/0 به ترتیب برای پرسشنامههای هوش چندگانه و نیمرخ کارآفرینی، پایایی هر دو پرسشنامه مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. به منظور تأیید مدل تحقیق از مدل معادلات ساختاری و برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزارهای AMOS 20 و SPSS 20 استفاده گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که هوش بر نیمرخ کارآفرینی مؤثر است. همچنین همه انواع هوشهای چندگانه بر نیمرخ کارآفرینی افراد مورد مطالعه تأثیر دارند.
Extended abstract Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intelligence on entrepreneurship profile emphasizing on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory. The statistical population consisted of all 300 students in Art Faculty of Sistan and Baluchestan University and 169 students were selected as research sample by systematic method using Morgan table. This is an applied research. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences and entrepreneurial characteristics questionnaires were used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha test was applied to determine the reliability of the questionnaires. The reliability of both questionnaires was greatly confirmed by the coefficients of 0.956 and 0.958 for multiple intelligence and entrepreneurship profile questionnaires, respectively. In order to confirm the research model, Structural Equation Modeling was used; research data were analyzed using AMOS 20 and SPSS 20. The results showed that intelligence had positive effect on entrepreneurship profile. Also, all types of Gardner’s intelligences had positive effect on entrepreneurship profiles of research sample. Introduction Today's world is changing rapidly and keeping pace with these changes requires employing creative and entrepreneurial individuals (Alizadeh Aghdam et al., 2016). Various studies have shown that many factors, most of them are in psychological issues, affect the improvement of people's orientation to entrepreneurship. Recent evidences suggest that individuals' intelligence and characteristics play an important role in their entrepreneurial origins (Hermann et al., 2007 quoted by Baharvand & Gouran, 2018). The concept of intelligence has evolved and has transformed from a single into a multi-dimensional concept (Nadi Najaf Abadi et al., 2014). Intelligence refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and using symbols which is an abstract ability (Beheshti zadeh et al., 2016). Since "opportunity" is stated as a key element and concept in entrepreneurship, the ability to perceive, understand, and use it correctly (referring to the definition of intelligence) can be effective in the quality of entrepreneurial activities and behaviors. An entrepreneur is the center and core of the business and his characteristics drive the business to success (Lee, 2019). The underlying beliefs about entrepreneurial characteristics state that under equal conditions, those with these traits are more likely to become entrepreneurs than others (Mosleh Shirazi & Sane'i, 2007). Changing needs and conditions of society have transformed universities' mission from teaching to research and then entrepreneurship (Jahangiri et al., 2015); in most countries, addressing entrepreneurship and training students who have the skills and abilities needed to start a business is one of the main tasks of any university (Gilani nia & Mosavian, 2011). Therefore, it seems necessary for the higher education system to adequately study and nurture the psychological characteristics associated with entrepreneurship as well as to plan and invest in this field. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of intelligence on entrepreneurial personality traits (entrepreneurship profile) among Art Faculty students in University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Case study The statistical population of the study consisted of 300 students of Art Faculty in University of Sistan and Baluchestan. 169 students were selected as research sample by systematic sampling method using Morgan table. Research Methods Data collection tools included two standard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence and Entrepreneurship Profile questionnaires. In Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence questionnaire, eight types of intelligences including linguistic-verbal, logical-mathematical, spatial-visual, kinetic-physical, musical, interpersonal (social), intrapersonal, and naturalist were measured by 80 questions. Four personality traits of entrepreneurs including internal locus of control, dreaming, challenge-taking, and pragmatism were measured in the Entrepreneurship Profile questionnaire in the form of 38 questions. The mean value was calculated to determine the intelligence and entrepreneurship profile of individuals. The main hypothesis and research model were examined and tested based on Structural Equation Model using AMOS 20 software and Regression model was used for examining subsidiary hypothesis by AMOS 20 and SPSS 20 software. Discussion and Results By calculating the mean value which was more than 3, research findings showed that the intelligence and entrepreneurship profile in the statistical population were in a good condition. Applying structural equation modeling as well as the values obtained from the indices showed goodness of fit of the model and a positive significant relationship between multiple intelligence and entrepreneurial profile. This confirmed the main hypothesis of the study. Also, the calculated regression coefficients for all types of intelligence and entrepreneurial profile confirmed positive effect of all types of multiple intelligences on entrepreneurial profile. Therefore, the subsidiary hypothesis of the research was also confirmed. Conclusion Based on the results, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial personality traits in individuals can be increased by reinforcing different types of multiple intelligences in the statistical population of this study and other similar societies such as educational spaces, especially universities. Considering the importance and positive impacts of entrepreneurship on different social, cultural, and economic aspects of societies stated in research literature of the present study, referring to researchers and experts in different fields of science will be effective in reinforcing this concept. This reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of entrepreneurship. The results of this study suggest that one way to expand entrepreneurship and enhance entrepreneurship personality traits, i.e. entrepreneurship profile, in individuals is to pay attention to the intelligence of individuals (relying on Gardner's multiple intelligence theory) and to reinforce it. This will not be possible unless to utilize specialists in this field. The results of this study highlight the necessity of coherence between different fields of education as well as the collaboration of lecturers and researchers in different fields of science.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Jahangiri et al) و در بيشتر کشورها پرداختن به مقوله کارآفريني و تربيت دانش آموختگاني که داراي توانايي - ها و مهارت هاي لازم براي راه اندازي يک کسب و کار مناسب باشند، از وظايف اصلي هر دانشگاه محسوب ميشود (٢٠١١ ,Mosavian &Gilani nia )؛ بنابراين ضروري به نظر مي - رسد که نظام آموزش عالي کشور به طور منسجم و کافي اقدام به بررسي و پرورش ويژگيهاي روان شناختي مرتبط با کارآفريني کرده و در اين زمينه اقدام به برنامه ريزي و سرمايه گذاري نمايد.
بنابراين ، در اين پژوهش به بررسي تأثير هوش بر ويژگيهاي شخصيتي کارآفرينانه (نيمرخ کارآفريني) در ميان دانشجويان دانشکده هنر دانشگاه سيستان و بلوچستان پرداخته شده است تا با پيبردن به اين امر، بتوان گام هايي اساسي در جهت ارتقا و پيشرفت کارآفريني به عنوان عاملي اساسي در پيشرفت و توسعه اقتصادي و همچنين کارآمدتر و مفيدتر نمودن آموزش هاي دانشگاهي در جامعه مورد مطالعه و جوامع مشابه برداشت .
پيشينه تحقيق جستجوهاي پژوهشگران پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که تحقيقات گوناگوني در زمينه ويژگيهاي شخصيتي کارآفرينانه و ارتباط آن با هوش صورت گرفته است که از جمله آن ها ميتوان به بررسي رابطه هوش اجتماعي با قابليت کارآفريني در پژوهش هاي عليزاده اقدم و همکاران (٢٠١٦ ,.
براي آزمون فرضيه فرعي تحقيق ، مدل رگرسيوني تأثير هر يک از انواع هوش بر نيمرخ کارآفريني ترسيم گرديد که نتايج بطور خلاصه در جدول ٨ نشان داده شده است .
همچنين در اين پژوهش به سنجش ميزان هوش هاي چندگانه افراد مورد مطالعه و وضعيت نيمرخ کارآفريني آنان پرداخته شده است .