چکیده:
Stuttering is a type of communicative disorder that has not yet been identified as the main cause, and not definitive treatment has been found for it. Stuttering is a complex disorder that in addition to communication disorder can cause mental disorders too. In this research, we probe three common mental disorders (Anxiety, Social anxiety, Depression) in people with stuttering. The results show that social anxiety is the most common mental disorder in people with stuttering. Anxiety in stutterer people is more than those have not stuttering, but about depression, the results are not the same. Sometimes there is no difference, and sometimes the rate of depression is more than nonstuttering. It seems depression in stutters people will increase by rising of age. Probably, one the most important reason of conflict results in evaluating of mental disorder such as depression is utilizing different measures. Unfortunately, the most studies in diagnose of mental disorders for stutterers, is done by speech therapists. Often Speech therapists use inventories to diagnose mental disorders. Therefore, using clinical interviews by mental health professionals is the best way to correct the diagnoses of mental disorders in stutterers. It is suggested that introducing the most appropriate type of psychotherapy and paying much attention to depression in stutterers should be studied.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Some research show is anxiety is common disorder between children and adolescents stutters(Blood, Blood, Tellis, & Gabel, 2001; Davis, Shisca, & Howell, 2007; Mulcahy, Hennessey, Beilby, & Byrnes, 2008) and in other studies this effect was not observed(Andrews & Harris, 1964; Ashley Craig & Hancock, 1996; Ashley Craig et al.
, 2008; Stein, Baird, & Walker, 1996), Social anxiety is not only among stutterers, but also prevalence in the community between 8-13%, one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the world(Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005; Ruscio et al.
1-3Depression: The correlation between depression and stuttering of the language has not yet been thoroughly investigated and research in these cases is very incomplete but Comparison of mean depression scores in stuttering and stuttering people shows that the mean depression scores for stutterers are higher(Manning & Beck, 2013; Miller & Watson, 1992) and Based DSM 4 (IV-TR), depression can occur in people with stuttering(Association, 2000) Because of the high positive correlation between depression and anxiety (Barlow, 2004; Gurney, Roth, & Garside, 1970; Leckman, Weissman, Merikangas, Pauls, & Prusoff, 1983).
Stuttering is a chronic and debilitating disorder, And research has shown that levels of anxiety, shame, lack of control, and low levels of life satisfaction in other disabling disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and asthma, are very common(Goodwin, Jacobi, & Thefeld, 2003; Patten, Beck, Williams, Barbui, & Metz, 2003; Swinkels, Kuyk, De Graaf, Van Dyck, & Spinhoven, 2001) Which may increase the likelihood of psychological harm and depression(Harden et al.