چکیده:
The major popularity camp for the Shah's regtme prior to theI 1960s was comprised by the bazaar, the cler1y, landowners, and the nomad,. However, followln1 the events of the 1960s that led to thereatme's distancing Itself from and discarding Iran's traditionalcla11es, the state looked for support from among the new middle I ; not 1aJn much succe11 re1ardless of the economic prlvlle1es 1ranted IIand the·varlous measures taken to brln1 about this support. This Ipaper lnvest111te1 Into the roots underlying this lack of support and acceptance from the side of the middle class while dlscu11ln1 how this class came Into existence In the first place: the various aoclopolltlcal groups of the middle class, their demands, and the re1lme's response to these demands In the context of Its policies and practices. Toward the end, the paper elaborates how the lnconsl1tencles In meeting the demands of this class led to challenges and conflicts between this class and the regime thereby prompting the former to move toward the revolutionary camp.
خلاصه ماشینی:
<15) The factors which led to the growth and promotion of this class were the same factors that for the first time had paved the way for their emergence during Reza Shah's period with one difference: during the second Pahlavi's reign when the country enjoyed sizable oil revenues and very close ties with the United States, the potential for change and development grew even more.
The importance of this period becomes more vivid when noting the fact that the first episode of organized oppositions was set up by the leftist Organization of Iranian People's Fadayi Guerrillas and later on by the People's Mujahedin Organization of Iran the members of both groups being from the new middle class and the second episode in 1976 coincided with the end of the fifth development plan.
The author believes that at the present, our country has passed through the preliminary periods of the participatory political culture, and its institutionalization requires removln1 political-social vulnerabilities, striking balance between political and economic development and more importantly, the Internalization of values and new civic concepts In people'beliefs and real application of freedom and observance oflaw and the rights of other people.
Given the importance of structural-social changes and their impact on intellectual developments and political and cultural challenges facing Iran, the author believes that information published by advanced media such as exterritorial radios, satellites, the Internet and international non• governmental organizations have influenced intellectual developments, evolution and expansion of civic and democratic concepts and models particularly among the educated strata in Iran during the late second and the third decade of the Revolution.