خلاصه ماشینی:
Thus "mechanics came to be regarded as the ultimate explanatory science: phenomena of any kind, it was believed, could and should be explained in terms of mechanical conceptions, and the scientific method of Principia could and should be extended to all fields of human endeavour" (Shapers 1967).
Thus, the new scientific vision and method was extended to the study of humanity 185 and society, both of which were now considered to be subject to the same principles and laws of investigation as were natural objects.
Having finally realized this methodological and conceptual difficulty, Third World social scientists have sought to design theoretical frameworks and methodologies suitable to their distinct conditions rather than to continue to rely on models generated by western ethnocentric and ideological assumptions (Hughes 1961; Willier 1972; Singham and Singham 1973; Krishna 1973; Atal 1981; and Mughbane and Paris 1985).
It was only realized slowly that the development of knowledge in the West was basically culture-bound: its course and nature were determined principally by the need to accommodate rapid changes in the material aspect of western societies triggered by accelerated scientific and technological advancements.
" He believed that this method, based on the systematic collection of facts and experimentation, would provide the correct sense-derived knowledge of the natural world and that it would make possible the transfonnation of existing conditions for the betterment of humanity.
In the modem era, science ignores all metaphysical issues involved in the study of social phenomena, chiefly because of the overwhelming view of the scientific community that only observation or sense experience can provide authentic knowledge.