خلاصة:
Background. Adults benefit more from an external focus than internal focus when performing motor skills.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of internal and external focus of attention on dart throwing performance in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.
Methods. Twenty men, 20 normal boys and 20 boys with developmental coordination disorder were selected by Motor Observation Questionnaire for Teachers. The task was to throw the darts to the target which was performed in two experimental conditions including internal (related to the movements of the fingers and arm) and external (related to target and dart’s course) focus of attention.
Results. The results of ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that along with Constrained Action Hypothesis, adults performed better in the condition of external focus of attention. However, for normal children, the use of the internal focus of attention was more effective and in children with developmental coordination disorder, no significant difference between the two conditions was found.
Conclusion. According to results of this study, therapists and coaches should adjust their methods and instructions based on age, experience and developmental conditions of individuals.
ملخص الجهاز:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of internal and external focus of attention on dart throwingperformance in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.
The task was to throw the darts to the target which was performed in two experimental conditions includinginternal (related to the movements of the fingers and arm) and external (related to target and dart’s course) focus ofattention.
However, for normal children, the useof internal focus of attention was more effective and in children with developmental coordination disorder, nosignificant difference between two conditions was found.
According to results of this study, therapistsand coaches should adjust their methods and instructions based on age, experience and developmental conditions ofindividuals Focus Of Attention, Children, DCD, Dart Throw, Constrained Action Hypothesis The Effect of Focus Instructions on Dart Throwing Performancein Children With and Without Developmental CoordinationDisorder1Shabnam Fathi Khatab, 1Abdollah Ghasemi*, 3Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati1Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education Faculty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran.
Thus, the aim of this study is toinvestigate the effects of internal and externalfocus of attention on motor performance of adultsand children with and without DCD.
RESULTSScore results of dart throwing for threeexperimental groups in two conditions of focus ofattention during the five trial blocks are shown inthe table 1 and figures 1.
Scores of dart throwing for three experimental groups in two conditions of focus of attentionduring the five trial blocksIn normal children, the main effect of the focusof attention was significant (F(1,19)=30.
Effect of internal versus external focusof attention on implicit motor learning in children with developmental coordination disorder.