Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to describe biomechanical parameters of head, upper and
lower body extremities during a straight right punch throw related to performance and
injury mechanism. Subjects were eight elite right-handed male (age 20.4 ± 2.1yrs; height
177.4 ± 8.5 cm; mass 70.4 ± 16.8 kg) amateur boxers. 3D motion analysis was used to
assess the kinematics of the right side extremities and head. Ensemble averaging of time
normalized kinematic parameters was used to have better visual inspection. Results showed
a similar pattern between subjects with some considerable variation in some parameters that
pointed out to individualized pattern in elite boxers. Investigation of lower body joints
kinematics explained boxers throw punch using leg drive. Stretch-shortening cycle detected
in the technique implies potential for performance enhancing using plyometrics. Head
velocity measured in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral direction would intensify
potential head injuries
هدف از تحقیق حاضر تشریح پارامترهای بیومکانیکی سر، حدود بالایی و پایینی بدن طی ضربه مستقیم مشت راست مرتبط با سازوکار اجرا و آسیب بود. نمونه ها شامل ۸بوکسور آماتور مرد راست دست (سن ۲/۱±۲۰/۴ سال ، قد ۸/۵±۱۴۴/۴ سانتی متر، توده ۱۶/۸±۷۰/۴ کیلوگرم ) بودند. تحلیل حرکت سه بعدی برای اندازه گیری کینماتیک حدود سمت راست و سر بکار رفت . میانگین گیری اثر کلی زمان پارامترهای کینماتیک نرمال شده بکار رفت تا بازدید بصری بهتری داشته باشد. نتایج الگوی مشابهی میان نمونه ها با برخی تغییرات قابل توجه در برخی پارامترهایی نشان داد که حاکی از الگوی منحصربه فرد شده در بوکسورهای نخبه است . بررسی کینماتیک مفاصل پایین بدن حاکی از آن است که بوکسورها در پرتاب مشت پای خود را به جلو پرت می کنند. چرخه کشش - کوتاه شدن در تکنیک اشاره داشت به پتانسیل اجرای تقویت شده با استفاده از تمرینات پلایومتریک بود. سرعت سر اندازه گیری شده در مسیر خلفی - قدامی و میانی - جانبی توانست آسیب های بالقوه سر را تشدید کند.
Machine summary:
"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe biomechanical parameters of head, upper and lower body extremities during a straight right punch throw related to performance and injury mechanism.
Boxing, Kinematics, Straight Right Punch, Ensemble Averaging, Stretch-ShorteningCycle, Head Injuries Corresponding Author: Mahdi Cheraghi E-mail: mahdicheraghi3@yahoo.
Whiting, Gregor, and Finerman (1988) have measured 2D upper extremity kinematic features in four professional boxers and have found significant differences for shoulder and wrist velocity, elbow angle and angular velocity between straight right and left hook (7).
(رجوع شود به تصویر صفحه) DISCUSSION Data acquisition indicates that boxers flex joints partially, especially the elbow joint, at the onset of punch cycle which is against their objective to perform the task in minimum time and no additional movements and thus avoiding intent advertisement.
Therefore, boxers intuitively have used the universal biomechanical principal of pre-stretch (18) to throw high quality punches as it increases subsequent concentric contraction forces after a short and quick eccentric contraction of agonist muscles (16) and also, help to maximize acceleration path toward intended target.
To do so, and also to compensate punch impulse because of lower fist velocity, professional heavy weight boxer delivered punch with more elbow flexion to increase punch effective mass (12) by transferring more body momentum.
Various leg movements such as jumping forward while sparring or during a competition could increase whole body momentum and consequently increase head initial velocity that would intensify the magnitude of the impact when they simultaneously receive counter-attack punch from opponent."