Abstract:
سه دلیل اصلی مهم بودن موضوع کارآفرینی، خلق ثروت، توسعه تکنولوژی و ایجاد اشتغال مولد است. بنا بر اعتقادی، در جوامع امروزین لازم است انقلاب کارآفرینی روی دهد. بر این اساس هدفاز اجرای تحقیق حاضر، بررسی ویژگی های زندگینامه ای و تبیین رابطه آن با روحیه کارآفرینی دانشجویان دانشگاه مازندران می باشد. جامعه آماری 2601 نفر و نمونه آن 335 نفر، جمع آوری داده های مورد نیاز با استفاده از ابزارهای مراجعه به اسناد و مدارک و پرسشنامه با ضریب پایایی 90% انجام شده و از آزمون های آماری تی استیودنت، تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده است. یافته ها نشان داده اند که از هفت متغیر مرتبط با ویژگی های زندگینامه ای دانشجویان (شامل جنس، تاهل، اشتغال، ترتیب تولد، سن، سطح تحصیلات پدر و مادر)، فقط متغیر «سن» با روحیه کارآفرینی دانشجویان رابطه معنی دار داشت....
Machine summary:
Entrepreneurs play an important role in the movement of economic development and are considered as the sources of the great evolution in fields of industry, production and services at organizations(Duane, 2000, 236), and biographical specifications such as age, gender, marital status, social status, education, experience and other traits (Kiggundo, 2002) have an important role on their entrepreneurial spirit.
According to those points mentioned above, the goal of this research is investigating the relationships between biographic characteristics consisting of gender, marital status, employment, birth arrangement, age, parents‟ education and entrepreneurial spirit.
So far, several studies have been done about entrepreneurial spirit, establishing entrepreneurial enterprises and their performance in various businesses (Banks, 1991; Reynolds, Miller, & Maki 1993; Aydalot, 1986) and effective factors on success and failure of entrepreneurship process (Buame, 1996; Trulsson, 1997; Mead & Leitdolm, 1998; King & McGrath, 1999; Frese, 2000).
Entrepreneurship depends on the suitability of entrepreneur‟s personal characteristics such as self-knowledge, opportunities, independences in work, having human resources and social skills through evaluating and exploiting any opportunity and reaching success in market (Markman & Baron, 2003).
According to above literature review, below hypothesis in this research will be investigated: Hypothesis Biographic characteristics including gender, marital status, employment, birth arrangement, age, parents‟ education level have meaningful relationships with entrepreneurial spirit of students.
Data and Scale There are seven independent variables concerning biographic characteristics that consist of gender, marital status, employment, birth arrangement, age, father's education level and mother's education level and a dependent variable entrepreneurial spirit that is measured by creativity and innovation (Hurley & Hult, 1998), risk taking, internal control, independence, progress motivation and optimism.