Abstract:
از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، رﻫﺒﺮی ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮد درک ﺷﺪه ارﺗﺒﺎط دارد. رﻫﺒﺮان ﭘﯿﺮواﻧﺸﺎن را از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ دﯾﺪﺷﺎن ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺧﻮب ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯿﺸﺎن ﺑﺮای ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ دﯾﺪی ﺟﺬب ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اﻓﺮاد ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ دارﻧﺪ از ﮐﺴﯽ ﭘﯿﺮوی ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ دﯾﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ زندگی خوب دارد، کسی که با رفتارش زندگی خوبی دارد و همدلی زیادی برای انسان های هم نوعش دارد و اشتیاق وافری به دنیایی که معتقد است مردم می توانند ایجاد کنند دارد. خرد و رهبری برای افزایش کیفیت زندگی افراد و پیشرفت فرهنگی ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺮد رﻫﺒﺮی ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن رﻫﺒﺮی ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎ را از اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﺮدی ﺑ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻮم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ دﻫﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺮد ﯾﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم اﻋﻤﺎل ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪاﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻗﺘﺪار ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دارﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ در ﻧﻘﺶ رﻫﺒﺮی آﮔﺎه ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪاﻧﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه رﻫﺒﺮی را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ و ازاﯾﻦ ر ﻗﺪرت را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮای اﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺪرت، ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺑﺮای ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮی از ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه و درنتیجه ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ رﻫﺒﺮی، ﻗﺪرت و ﺧﺮد ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی اﯾﺠﺎد شده به منظور توسعه خرد برای افراد داشته باشد. این مقاله با مطالعه ادبیات این حوزه و با روش کتابخانه ای به بررسی نقش ﺧﺮد در رﻫﺒﺮی ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ در ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺮد ﺑﺮای رﻫﺒﺮی، ﺧﺮد ﺑﻪ رﻫﺒﺮان اﻣﮑﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ و در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن رﻓﺘﺎر ﻫﺎی اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺮوز دﻫﻨﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﺑﺮای ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺮد را ﯾﮏ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ درون ﻓﺮدی ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﺧﺮد ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی رﻫﺒﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ رﻫﺒﺮی برجسته ای داشته باشند.
Historically, leadership is usually associated with perceived wisdom. Leaders attract their followers through
their approaches to good life and their abilities to apply their approaches. Individuals tend to follow a person
who has a certain attitude to good life; a person who lives a good life within good behavior; a person who has a
great amount of empathy for his fellow humans, with a lot of enthusiasm about a world that can be formed by
people. Wisdom and leadership are important for increasing individuals' life quality, and for cultural
advancement in the society. Examination of leadership wisdom can assist discussions over leadership, shifting
our attention from increasing individual benefits to common good. Use of wisdom or doing wise actions is only
for those who have power and control, or those who play the role of a conscious leader. On the other hand,
making wise decisions increases the safety of the position of leadership. Hence, it increases power. With more
opportunities for application of power, there will be chances for learning from experiences, leading to greater
capacities for usage of wisdom. The relationship between leadership, power, and wisdom may result in
consequences for opportunities to develop wisdom in individuals. The present paper, by studying this field's
literature and using a library method, examines the role of wisdom in organizational leadership. Generally, it
can be stated that if we use wisdom or leadership, it will allow leaders to maximize their effectiveness and do
ethical acts in organizations. Hence, for scholars who define wisdom as an intra-personal feature, wisdom is one
of the most important features in leaders who want to experience extraordinary leadership.