چکیده:
This study investigated the relative effects of deductive and inductive form-focused instruction (FFI) on the acquisition of 4 non-generic definite article uses(cultural, situational, structural, and textual) as as-sessed by explicit and implicit outcome measures. The tests utilized to assess EFL learners' acquisition of definite article uses were timed and untimed grammaticality judgment tests. A pretest and two posttests were conducted immediately and four weeks after the instructional interventions. Durable effects of FFI on intermediate Iranian learners' acquisition were found for different uses of definite article. In particular, the present study found that deductive and inductive FFI positively facilitates the development of explicit and implicit knowledge of non-generic definite article, both immediately after the instruction and, mar-ginally decreasing, over time. Moreover, the findings indicated different difficulty levels for the 4 uses of definite article, with cultural use being the most difficult one followed in the order by situational, struc-tural, and textual uses. This study’s findings contribute to our understanding of the efficacy of deductive and inductive FFI on EFL learners’ controlled (explicit) and spontaneous (implicit) use of a non-salient language forms at intermediate stages of L2 acquisition.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"65-80), 2013 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Deductive and Inductive Form-Focused In- struction on Iranian EFL Learners' Implicit and Explicit Knowledge of Non- Generic Definite Article Majid Ghorbani1 ؛ Hossein Younesi 2* 1 Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch 2 Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch Received: 17 Juanuary, 2011 Accepted: 6 January, 2012 Abstract This study investigated the relative effects of deductive and inductive form-focused instruction (FFI) on the acquisition of 4 non-generic definite article uses(cultural, situational, structural, and textual) as as- sessed by explicit and implicit outcome measures.
In particular, the present study found that deductive and inductive FFI positively facilitates the development of explicit and implicit knowledge of non-generic definite article, both immediately after the instruction and, mar- ginally decreasing, over time.
Previous research has found mixed empirical evidence as to the efficacy of deductive and inductive FFI and no study has investigated the acquisition of non-generic definite article through measures of both explicit and implicit language knowledge.
The research questions motivating this study are as follows: 1) Are there any effects of deductive and in- ductive FFI on the development of non-generic definite article uses in L2 English, as measured by explicit and implicit knowledge tests?
Results First Research Question Research question one of the current study exam ined possible effects of deductive and inductive FFI on L2 learners' implicit and explicit knowledge of definite article uses.
ANOVA Results for the Effect of Category Use on Learners' Implicit Knowledge in the Deductive & Induc- tive FFI Groups Treatment Deductive Inductive Table 9."